Raising broiler chickens means they face many of the same diseases and health concerns as laying hens, but they also face some other health risks uncommon to laying and heritage breed chickens. Here are four common health concerns in broiler chickens and how you can prevent them.
Coccidiosis
Coccidiosis is relatively common in backyard flocks, but it also can take a toll on broiler chickens. With their larger, fattier bodies, broiler chickens can not fight off disease and infections as easily as laying hens, so these big chickens are even more susceptible to this condition.
What is it?
A protozoa parasite, the coccidiosis parasite, lives in the intestinal tract, destroying the intestinal lining. The destroyed lining allows protein to leak out of the intestines and causes plasma to exit the body when an infected chicken poops.
When left untreated, coccidiosis will quickly worsen, causing malnutrition, anemia, dehydration, susceptibility to other diseases, and in extreme cases, death.
Symptoms
It can be difficult to diagnose coccidiosis in broiler chickens without the help of a qualified veterinarian. However, if you are lucky enough to have a vet on hand, collecting fresh poop from your flock for the vet to put under a microscope is an easy way to diagnose this condition.
Not sure if your broiler chickens are suffering from coccidiosis; here are a few symptoms to look for:
- Depression
- Diarrhea (may be bloody)
- Lethargy
- Poor appetite
- Ruffled feathers
- Penguin stance
- Pale wattles, combs, and shanks
- Stunted growth rate
Treatment
When caught early on, coccidiosis can be treated, and victims should fully recover. Whenever possible, have a qualified vet examine your broiler chickens to ensure they are being treated properly. A veterinarian will likely prescribe an over-the-counter dewormer/antibiotic to treat this condition.
When a vet is not available, contact your local feed store and speak to the owner or another knowledgeable employee to see what dewormers are recommended for treating coccidiosis in broiler chickens. This should be done at a certified feed store or feed mill (not a pet store or farm supply store) where staff and owners have been trained to answer these questions.
Caution: Be sure to only use medicine that is labeled safe for use in meat birds. Always follow through with the withdrawal period and wait to butcher until broiler chickens are once again safe to consume.
Prevention
Prevention is key to keeping broiler chickens from contracting coccidiosis. While the best way to prevent this health risk is by building an immunity to the disease over time, broiler chickens have a short lifespan, making it impossible to build up an immunity.
To keep broiler chickens safe from this disease, clean water fountains daily. Refill fountains with fresh water twice daily to prevent water from becoming contaminated by poop and bacteria.
Keep bedding clean and dry. If raised on pasture, be sure to rotate the chicken tractor to a clean area several times a week so broilers have access to clean pastures.
Provide broiler chickens with proper nutrition by feeding good-quality broiler feed. Supplementing their diet with probiotics, oregano, and other herbs will also help keep your flock’s immune system strong and help guard against a coccidosis outbreak.
Breast Blisters
Commercial broiler chickens such as Cornish Rocks or Cornish Rock crosses are more prone to breast blisters than laying breeds due to their inability to stand for long periods of time.
What is it?
Breast blisters are sore spots along a chicken’s keel or breastbone. This condition occurs from not enough activity, obeisity, or from chickens resting on sharp objects.
Symptoms
- Missing feathers along the keel or breastbone
- Red spots
- Open sores
- Blisters filled with fluid
Treatment
While there are ways to treat breast blisters, this condition usually goes untreated in broiler chickens, as their lifespan is relatively short. Therefore, the best way to treat this condition is through prevention.
Prevention
Prevent breast blisters in broiler chickens by supplying soft bedding such as wheat straw or wood shavings in the coop.
Remove feed at night and allow broilers access to pasture to encourage movement and foraging behaviors and prevent birds from becoming immobile.
If breast blisters are a big concern, consider switching to a heritage or non-commercial meat bird, as these broiler chickens are not as prone to many of the same health risks commercial broiler chickens face.
Ascites Syndrome
Not to be confused with “ascites,” the term commonly used to describe fluid buildup in the peritoneal cavity, ascites syndrome is a cardiovascular disease only seen in broiler chickens.
What is it?
Ascites syndrome occurs when a broiler chicken’s right heart has congestive failure and insufficient valves. This condition is caused by the rapid growth rate seen in many of today’s broiler chickens, resulting in organs that can not keep up with the bird’s rapid weight gain or the increased metabolism demands of a broiler’s body.
Environmental factors can also cause this condition, including raising broiler chickens in high altitudes, stressful living conditions, and feed management.
Symptoms
- Cyanosis (a bluish-purple discoloration of skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood)
- Difficulty breathing
- Lethargy
Treatment
None. There are supportive care options for rescued broilers, but the condition is incurable.
Prevention
Practicing good management skills is the best way to prevent Ascites syndrome in broiler chickens.
Avoiding overcrowding broilers to reduce stress levels is one of the best ways to prevent this condition. Reducing the risks of predator attacks will also help keep broiler chickens calm and stress-free.
Reduce feed intake to prevent excessive growth rate (i.e., remove feeders at night to prevent overeating)
Prevent exposure to excessive heat and cold to prevent stress from the environment. Some experts also suggest keeping broilers at altitudes no higher than 1500 meters (4,921 feet above sea level).
Sudden Death Syndrome
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is only found in commercial broiler chickens and Cornish Rock crosses.
What is it?
Also known as “flip-over disease,” sudden death syndrome is exactly what it sounds like, with chickens experiencing a sudden seizure attack thirty-seven to sixty-nine seconds before dying.
During this attack, the chicken will experience loss of balance, strong muscular contraction, and violent wing flapping, causing the birds to flip over.
Symptoms
- Sudden seizure prior to death
- Chicken found dead lying on their back
Treatment
None
Prevention
Raising noncommercial broiler chickens is the best alternative if you want to avoid dealing with SDS. However, if you choose to raise commercial broilers, feeding them a low-energy diet and limiting their exposure to artificial light are the best ways to prevent this deadly condition.
Although broiler chickens are prone to more health concerns than other chicken breeds, with proper nutrition, access to pasture, and good management skills, you can raise healthy broilers.
This article about raising broiler chickens was written for Hobby Farms and Chickens magazines. Click here to subscribe.
