Categories
Farm Management

Hogs to Heaven: More Before and After Photos

Imagination and hard work, as well as government conservation grants and cost-share programs, helped Michael Bobo and his wife Sharon restore a hog farm turned wasteland. In less than a year, the farm went from 415 acres of fetid lagoons, filth and decay to become “Deeply Rooted Farms,” the country paradise they had dreamed of. 

Read “Hogs to Heaven” in Hobby Farms March/April 2007 issue for inspiration and details on how they accomplished this amazing rehabilitation. Below are more before and after pictures of the Bobo’s western Kentucky farm. More photos of the home/barn.

Before

After

Before Lagoon
After Lagoon 
Before Pasture
After Pasture

 Before Driveway

 After driveway

Before roadside

After roadside
Categories
News

Farm Bill Database Reveals Lopsided Subsidies

Farm Bill 2007
Image Courtesy of EWG

Who’s benefiting from the Farm Bill?

A new online database, (viewing requires a free, quick registration) developed by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), says that Americans have paid tens of billions of dollars in federal farm subsidies to some of the largest farm businesses in the nation.

According to EWG, just 10 percent of subsidy recipients will collect around 60 percent of the money. Ken Cook, president and co-founder of the Environmental Working Group (EWG), says some individuals have netted more than $1 million in a year. The group is hoping Congress will close the loopholes that make the lopsided distribution possible and create a farm bill that allocates resources fairly.

EWG’s analysis found:

  • A total of 1,120,525 recipients will be eligible for the subsidy bonus, which will cost $1.56 billion.
  • The top 1 percent of subsidy bonus recipients will collect 15 percent of the payments, totaling $238 million, or over $21,000 each on average. Some 54 large crop operations will receive more than $100,000, and 476 recipients will collect over $50,000.
  • The bottom 80 percent of recipients (896,420 of them) will receive a total of $331 million, or about $369 each on average.
  • USDA records indicate that at least 10 percent of the subsidy bonus will go to recipients who own land but do not farm it themselves. These landowners, including absentee owners, have not incurred increased energy costs-the farm operators who rent their land have.
  • The top five states for the subsidy bonus are Iowa, Illinois, Texas, Nebraska and Kansas, which together will receive 40 percent of the money. California, the number one state one farm state in terms of production value, will rank 12th in subsidy bonus payments, and Florida, ranked ninth for value of farm production, will rank 36th in subsidy bonus payments.
  • Corn producers will account for the biggest share of bonus subsidies, with $626 million (795,673 recipients). Wheat will follow, with $338 million (673,463 recipients), and upland cotton will account for $181 million (123,690 recipients).

EWG says the database was built from millions of previously unpublished USDA subsidy records, providing nearly full disclosure of federal farm subsidy beneficiaries for the first time. EWG is a public interest research and advocacy organization whose mission is to use information to help protect human health and the environment.

This information is courtesy EWG. Find the database and more details (after a free, quick registration) at www.ewg.org/sites/farmbill2007

Categories
Homesteading

Quick-dried Garlic

Quick-dried Garlic
Photo courtesy USDA/Bruce Fritz

Whole cloves of garlic can be pickled or frozen, but the best way to preserve garlic while retaining its original character is to cure it and dry it, which concentrates its flavor. Curing garlic requires drying it at room temperature until you can trim away its roots, stems and leaves without producing a strong, garlicky odor. You can continue drying garlic at room temperature for up to 10 months, depending on the variety. Keep checking it, though, and use it as soon as you can because the cloves will eventually become leathery and unusable.

With this faster drying process, you can maintain the flavor of heirloom garlic at its original for years:

Peel the cloves and cut them into 1/8- to 1/4-inch slivers. Dry the slivers in a dehydrator at 130 degrees F until they are hard and crisp, but still light-colored. (Darkened garlic can have an unpleasant, bitter taste.)

These recipes originally appeared in Cheryl Morrison’s “Gifts from the Heirloom Larder,” an article in the Popular Farming Series: Heirloom Farm. To get a copy of Popular Farming Series: Heirloom Farm, click here.

Also check out Karen Keb Acevedo’s book Cooking with Heirlooms for more great heirloom recipes!

Categories
Animals

Donkeys and Mules

Preview Contents

All About Donkeys & Mules
Misdiagnosed as “stubborn” and “ornery,” donkeys and mules have earned a bad rap over the years; however, they still stand as sentries in fields across the country and around the world.

These animals—overcoming abuses and misconceptions—have served to elevate mankind and our lifestyles to the world as we know it. Yet, in many cases these magnificent animals have been relegated to the lower ranks of society. Learn more about why these animals deserve a place on your farm and in your heart.


“Traveling around and about, my husband, daughter and I have been lucky enough to encounter many remarkable creatures … Oddly enough, however, some of our most memorable meetings have involved an animal that is neither wild nor a potential people-eater, but one that has lived amicably with and assisted humans for over 5,000 years. Indeed, this familiar barnyard denizen continues to serve and amuse us in spite of its name having been corrupted to profanity, which has also had the unfortunate result of making the animal itself the … er … butt of bad jokes. I’m talking, of course, about one of the most irresistibly loveable creatures in the world: the domestic ass (Equus asinus), more commonly—and politely—called the donkey.”—Cherie Langlois


The Popular Farming Series: Donkeys & Mules has everything you need to know to start raising donkeys and mules or to embark on a new adventure with your equine companion. With beautiful photos and in-depth articles, Donkeys & Mules is a must for any equine enthusiast’s or small farmer’s library.
What You’ll Find
The Popular Farming® Series is a collection of magabooks™ that covers farming topics of interest to small farmers today. The series provides valuable information to those who already have a small farm as well as those who are pondering the big move to the country.

This all-encompassing guide to raising donkeys and mules gives you helpful and interesting information about all aspects of donkey breeds, breeding, daily chores, protection from inclement weather, and even some advice on how to understand their behavior in “In a Mule’s (or Donkey’s) Mind’s Eye.”


“A primary difference between donkeys, mules, and horses is that donkeys and mules are cautious in the extreme. A donkey or mule won’t put life or limb in danger, so he thinks things over before he acts.”Sue Weaver


They’ll Get a Kick Out of This!
Predators are a constant nuisance on the farm: They’ll take any chance they can get to swipe a tasty morsel off your back 40. Good fencing and guard dogs can help a lot, but each has their weaknesses. Using donkeys to donkeys to guard your livestock can make all the difference in the world. If trained properly, they bond with your other animals and treat them as family—protecting them with life and limb.


“Donkeys like Franny can be fiercely protective of their pasture mates and extremely aggressive toward intruders, which make them a very popular choice for predator control. With a built-in dislike and distrust of dogs, coyotes and other canines, they’ll stand their ground by braying, biting, kicking and chasing off any intruder that may threaten their domain.”Barbara Sheridan


 

You’ll Get Many How-Tos
Taking care of these unique equines is also imperative. Donkeys & Mules delivers:
  • Detailed plans on how to construct an equine shelter that will keep your donkeys and mules happy, healthy and safe from bad weather
  • A veterinarian’s advice on how to recognize signs of illness as well as how to treat and prevent disease in your four-legged friends in “Healthy as a Horse … or Donkey.”

“Today’s horse owner need only do an Internet search for ‘horse health’ and they’ll be presented with a multitude of references for dealing with any number of horse ailments. Since donkeys and mules are close cousins of the horse, it stands to reason that much of this information would be useful for these animals. There are, however, some unique considerations for donkeys. One can expect the mule to share health characteristics with both the horse and the donkey–this is certainly true for the mule’s behavior–but there’s still a lot to learn about health considerations that are unique to the mule.”Dianne Hellwig, PhD, DVM


Find out how to care for, breed and train your donkeys and mules, plus much, much more in Donkeys & Mules.

A Little Farm Fun
When you think of ways to have fun with your donkeys and mules, look beyond the obvious (riding) and get creative!

  • Show off your fitness as well as your donkey’s with a good, old-fashioned pack-burro race.
  • If you live to travel abroad and a slower pace is more your style, investigate donkey trekking.
  • See the grand canyon from one of the best seats in the park: astride a Grand Canyon mule.
  • Discover the many ways to enjoy all things donkey and mule—whether they’re faded ephemera or sweat-inducing adventures!

There’s a lot to know about these interesting member of the equine family; and Popular Farming’s Donkeys & Mules is loaded with information from equine lingo to breeder resources and associations to breeders and tack & supply houses—it’s an essential resource for anyone interested in raising donkeys and mules.

Back to All Popular Farming Series Publications

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Contents

Equine Evolution
Donkeys and mules have played a significant role in human history; it’s hard to say where we’d be today without them. Follow their journey through history.

Interested in Adopting a Donkey?
Read all about donkey adoptions in our online exclusive, Adopt a Donkey: The Donkey Adoption Option, by Sue Weaver.

By Sue Weaver

Distinctive Donks
Take a tour through the world of donkeys and their hybrid offspring. Who knows, you may discover some you can’t live without!
By Cherie Langlois
Breeding Basics 101
How do you get a mule? A hinny? A zedonk? Discover what’s involved in breeding equines and if it’s right for your foal goals.
By Debra J. Hagstrom
In Your Charge
Learn what skills and practices you need to keep your farm’s donkeys and mules in good condition.
By Audrey Pavia
Healthy as a Horse … or Donkey
Donkeys and mules share many attributes with horses, including illnesses and prevention. Here’s expert advice on safeguarding your equine pals.
By Dianne Hellwig, PhD, DVM
In a Mule’s Mind’s Eye
Don’t get mad; get smart! Learn to understand your equine’s behavior and use it to your advantage.
By Sue Weaver
Take Cover
Donkeys and mules are hardy animals, but they do require shelter from inclement weather. Check out these design ideas for building a shelter on your farm.
By Stephanie Staton
Get a Grip
Improve your handling skills with training tips from an expert.
By Meredith Hodges
Safety With Long Ears
Take our equine-safety quiz to see how you score.
By Sue Weaver
Making Horse Sense of the Donkey and Mule Business
Starting a donkey or mule business can be tough. Minimize risks with a business plan and proper foresight.
By Barbara Sheridan
Guard Donkeys Report for Duty
Teach predators a lesson they won’t soon forget: Place a guard donkey between them and your farm stock.
By Barbara Sheridan
Beyond the Barn
Riding isn’t the only fun to be had with donks and mules. From racing to showing, learn about other activities to enjoy with your equine companion.
By Sue Weaver
Glossary
Resources
Everything from breeders to tack and supplies to help you add donkeys and mules to your menagerie.
Why We Love them …
 
Categories
Animals Homesteading

About Goat Milk

By Carol Ekarius

Goat dairying has become more popular. Read more about goat milk
© Rhoda Peacher
Nubian goats, like the one show here, is one of the best dairy breeds.

 

Not so very long ago, there was little interest in goat dairying in the United States, but according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the milk goat/dairy industry is now flourishing, and it is mainly in the hands of small-scale producers.

On any scale, dairying is a fairly serious undertaking, requiring a much greater commitment than keeping goats for pets or meat production, but it can be rewarding for those willing to put in the effort.

If you keep dairy goats, you can have your own fresh milk, produce your own butter, cheese, ice cream or yogurt, and for those who enjoy some pampering, even prepare your own luxurious soaps and potions.

A larger herd affords the opportunity for the entrepreneurial-minded to create a profitable venture.

About goat’s milk
Goat’s milk is similar to cow’s milk in texture, but chemically speaking, there are some differences.

It’s Easier to Digest
No one is quite sure why, but people (including babies) who have trouble digesting cow’s milk seem to have an easier time digesting goat milk.

The reason may be that goat’s milk has smaller fat globules, which may be more easily digested. Goat’s milk only contains trace amounts of casein, the protein that causes fat globules to clump together and is the most common allergen in cow’s milk.

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Average Content of Goat, Cow and Human Milk
Here is some detailed information on differences according to the American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA)

Nutrient (%)GoatCowHuman
Protein (%)3.03.01.1
Fat (%)3.83.64.0
Calories/100 ml706968
Cholesterol (mg/100 ml)121520
Calcium (%)0.190.180.04
Iron (%)0.070.060.2
Phosphorous (%)0.270.270.06
Vitamin A (i.u./gram fat)392132
Vitamin B1/thiamin (µg/100 ml)684517
Riboflavin (µg/100 ml)21015926
Vitamin C (µg/100 ml)223
 

How much milk will my goat produce?

The answer: It will vary, based on the breed, the age and genetics of the individual animal, the quality and quantity of feed, the time in lactation (early, mid or late) and environmental factors, such as the weather.

But, as a rule of thumb:

  • A low producer will give about two quarts per day for around six months;
  • A modest producer will do two to three quarts per day and can keep producing for 10 months;
  • A high producer will give three to four quarts per day, and
  • An exceptionally high producer may go as high as seven quarts in the peak of her lactation.

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This article contains excerpts from “Milk that Goat: Dairying 101” by Carol Ekarius. It appears in Popular Farming Series: Goats, a publication with in-depth information for those who own or would like to own goats. Buy one online or call (800) PET-BOOK (738-2665).

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Categories
Recipes

Applesauce

 

How to make homemade applesauce with Hobby Farms
© Sharon Fibelkorn

If you’re lucky enough to have your own little orchard, or you happen to live in apple country, you’ve got apples in September, throughout October and possibly into November.

Apple-picking is a favorite family activity in the fall and there’s nothing like biting into a crisp apple, fresh from the tree. When you have more than you know what to do with–make applesauce.

There’s nothing like homemade applesauce and if you invested in a food mill to deal with your excess tomatoes, you’re ready to start.

Applesauce isn’t quite as forgiving as tomato sauce. Though any apple can be used to make sauce, not every apple makes good applesauce.

Some favorite apples for making sauce or pies are the McIntosh, affectionately known as the “Mac,” or the Macoun, a cross between a Mac and a Jersey Black, developed in New York State. Both are tender and sweet, and disintegrate easily into sauce, unlike some of the harder varieties, like Red Delicious, Suncrisp or Arkansas Black.

Since taste is a matter of preference, it’s worth experimenting a little to find a blend that suits you. If you’re particularly fond of Red Delicious, try combining them with a softer variety like the Macoun.

Once again, you’ll need a heavy 8-quart pot, a food mill, a large bowl, plastic containers for freezing the sauce, and labels for contents and date.

Ingredients

 

  • 1/2 bushel apples, washed, cored and quartered
  • 1/2 to 3/4 cup sugar
  • 1/2 to 1 T. cinnamon
  • 1/4 tsp. nutmeg

Preparation
Place apples in pot and add enough water to barely cover the bottom of the pan. As the apples cook, they will release own their juices, so there will be plenty of liquid. Cook over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until apples are very soft and mushy. Process in batches with your food mill over a large bowl, discarding skins retained by the screen. Gradually add sugar, adjusting to taste. (Some apples are naturally so sweet that you may not need to add much.) Add cinnamon and nutmeg; stir well. If necessary, return to heat and simmer to reduce liquid. Fill plastic containers to within one inch of the top and cover. Let containers sit until sauce cools to room temperature, then freeze.

Categories
Recipes

Italian Lettuce Wraps with Chilled Orzo

Lettuce Wraps with Italian Chilled Orzo

Good lettuce varieties to use for wraps are looseleaf types, such as Salad Bowl, Red Sails, Simpson and Oakleaf.

Yield: 4 to 6 servings

Ingredients

Wraps

  • Several large, pliable lettuce leaves, rinsed and patted dry
  • 12 ounces (about 1¾ cups) orzo or other small pasta
  • 1½ cups finely chopped Italian cured meat, such as prosciutto or salami cotto (or use your favorite ham)
  • 1/2 cup mixed green and black olives, chopped
  • 3 T. chopped fresh basil
  • 2 T. chopped fresh parsley
  • 3 T. finely grated Parmesan

Dressing

  • 1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
  • 2 T. red wine vinegar
  • 2 tsp. lemon juice
  • 1/2 tsp. minced fresh garlic
  • 1/4 tsp. salt
  • 1/4 tsp. black pepper

Preparation
In a large kettle of boiling, salted water, boil the orzo, stirring occasionally, for 8 to 10 minutes or until it’s just tender. Drain, rinse under warm water and allow to drain well before transferring to a large bowl. Add the chopped meat, olives, basil, parsley and Parmesan, and toss the mixture until well-combined.

Combine dressing ingredients in jar with tight-fitting lid and shake briskly. Pour over orzo mixture, stir to combine, cover and chill salad for at least an hour.

Make sure lettuce leaves are as dry as possible. To roll salad mixture in lettuce leaves, place a line of salad about one-third of the way down from the narrowest end of the leaf, roll tightly and secure with a toothpick if necessary. Lettuce leaves vary in size, so experiment to find the right amount of filling: an amount that will make a plump-yet-manageable wrap.

Categories
Recipes

Garden Chili

Garden Chili
Photo by Stephanie Staton

If you want to get technical, this isn’t chili, but rather a chili-flavored stew. Call it what you will, it’s delicious, healthy and substitution-friendly.

Use ground beef instead of turkey; all red or all yellow tomatoes; and whatever fresh or frozen vegetables you have on hand—green beans, okra, diced winter squash, mushrooms, corn, celery, et cetera.

Ingredients

  • 2 T. olive oil
  • 1 pound ground turkey
  • 1½ cups diced white or yellow onions
  • 1 T. minced fresh garlic
  • 2 cups peeled, chopped red tomatoes
  • 2 cups peeled, chopped yellow tomatoes
  • 1 cup tomato sauce
  • 2 cups mixed sweet bell peppers, seeds and membranes removed, diced
  • 1 cup diced carrots
  • 2 T. chili powder
  • 2 tsp. salt
  • 1 tsp. ancho chili powder
  • 1 tsp. cumin
  • 1 tsp. ground black pepper
  • 1 15.5-ounce can dark red kidney beans, drained
  • 1 29-ounce can hominy, drained
  • 3 cups seeded and diced mixed summer squash (such as zucchini, yellow crookneck and pattypan)
  • 1 cup packed fresh cilantro

Preparation
In a large, heavy-bottomed saucepan or Dutch oven, heat oil.

Add turkey, onions and garlic; cook and stir until onion just begins to soften. Add tomatoes, tomato sauce, bell peppers, carrots and spices.

Stir well, cover, and bring to a boil over medium-high heat. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer, covered, for 45 minutes, stirring often. Stir in hominy, kidney beans and squash.

Continue simmering, uncovered, for an additional 30 to 60 minutes, stirring often to prevent burning. Stir in cilantro just before serving.

Thanks to my friend Emily for inspiring this recipe. -Michelle Iten

Categories
Recipes

Harvest Pumpkin and Ham Stew

Pumpkins and Ham Stew

You can use canned, plain pumpkin in this recipe, or you can use fresh pumpkin: Cut a whole pumpkin into quarters, scoop out the seed bed, and bake the quarters in the oven.

When flesh is easily pierced with a fork, scoop flesh out of rinds and beat with a mixer until smooth. Or, cut pumpkin in half, scoop out the seed bed, then slice each half, paring the rind off each slice. Cut slices into large chunks and cook in water as you would potatoes. Drain and mash.

Consider choosing a ham from a heritage pig!

Ingredients

  • 1 cup celery, chopped
  • 1 cup onion, chopped
  • 4 T. butter
  • 2 cups cooked pumpkin
  • 4 cups chicken broth
  • salt and pepper to taste
  • 2 bay leaves
  • 1-1/2 cups diced ham
  • 1-1/2 cups corn, cut from cob (about 2 to 3 ears) or frozen
  • 1/2 cup red or green bell pepper, diced

Preparation
In a large, heavy-bottomed saucepan or Dutch oven, cook celery and onion in butter over medium heat until vegetables begin to soften. Add pumpkin, broth, salt and pepper, and bay leaves, stirring to combine well. Add ham, corn and pepper. Simmer over medium-low heat until vegetables are tender. Serves 8 to 12.

More Soups and Stews