Categories
Recipes

Summer Fruit Recipes

Make a fruit pie!When you have berries– make a berry pie.  Here are some berry pie recipes, as well as a banana and peach, too!

Fresh Berry Pie
Imagine making this pie with your own berries! You can! Our July/August 2008 issue of Hobby Farms includes a detailed article on growing strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and blackberries–in your backyard! Look for it online or on newsstands June 20 or learn how to subscribe today.

Ingredients 

  • 4 cups washed berries
  • ½ to 1 cup sugar
  • 1/4 cup white flour
  • 2 tsp. quick-cooking tapioca
  • Pie crust

Preparation
Place washed berries in a large bowl. Mix dry ingredients and sprinkle over berries. Mix gently, and let stand for 15 minutes. Preheat oven to 450 degrees F. Line a pie pan with pie crust (I use ready-made). Pour the berries into the pie shell and cover with a well-pricked top crust. Bake the pie for 10 minutes, then reduce the heat to 350 degrees F and bake 35 to 40 minutes more, until the crust is golden brown. Let cool on a wire rack before cutting. 

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Strawberry/Rhubarb Pie
What a tangy, sweet delight!
Contributed by Karri Sandino

Never-fail Pie Crust

  • 3 cups flour
  • 1 cup shortening (butter or Crisco)
  • 1 T. sugar
  • 1 egg
  • 1 tsp. salt
  • milk

Fruit Filling Ingredients

  • 1 1/2 cups sugar                     
  • 1/3 cup flour
  • 2 cups rhubarb, chopped
  • 2 cups strawberries, chopped

Crust Preparation
Blend dry ingredients and cut in shortening.  Beat egg slightly and add enough milk to make 1/2 cup.  Stir into mixture until it sticks together. Makes 2, double-crusted pies.

Pie Preparation

Heat over to 425 degrees.  Mix sugar and flour.  Mix this, lightly through the fruit.  Pour into a 9″ inch pastry-lined pie pan.  Dot with butter.  Cover with top crust which has slits cut in it.  Brush the crust with milk and lightly sprinkle with sugar.  Bake 40 to 50 minutes, or until crust is nicely browned and juice begins to bubble through the slits. (Covering the edge of the pie with 1 1/2-inch strips of aluminum foil will prevent excessive browning.)

A Variation: Mix in a few teaspoons of tapioca with the other ingredients, then let it sit for at least five minutes so that the tapioca can absorb some of the liquid. Instant tapioca works well; if you like, pulverize the beads in a blender before using. A tapoica fact: It’s gluten-free!

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Rhubarb Torte
The yummy textures in this torte will make this one of your favorites.
Contributed by Karri Sandino

Crust Ingredients

  • 1/2 cup butter
  • 1 T. sugar
  • 1 egg, beaten
  • 1 cup flour, sifted
  • 1 tsp. baking powder

 Custard Filling Ingredients

  • 5 cups rhubarb, cubed
  • 1 3/4 cups sugar
  • 5 T. flour
  • 4 egg yolks
  • 1 tsp. butter
  • pinch of salt

Topping Ingredients

  • 4 egg whites
  • 8 T. sugar

Crust Preparation
Cream the butter and sugar. Add the egg, flour and baking powder.  Mix well and press into a 9- by 13-inch pan.

Filling Preparation
Mix the rhubarb cubes with the sugar, flour, egg yolks, butter and salt. Mix well so rhubarb is coated.  Pour on top of crust and bake for 35-40 minutes in 350 degree oven. When done, filling will have set some–won’t be too juicy–when you shake the pan.

Topping Preparation
Beat egg whites while gradually adding 2 T. sugar per egg white.  When the torte is almost done baking, smooth the egg whites over the torte and bake about 10 minutes longer or until the egg whites are golden. Cool before serving.

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Black Bottom Banana Cream Pie
Exotic and Extravagant in Flavour
Contributed by Kate Savage

Ingredients

  • 6 oz. semisweet chocolate
  • 2 T. whipping cream
  • 1 frozen or home-made 9 inch pie crust, baked
  • 2 cups whole milk
  • 1/2 cup + 2 tsp. sugar
  • 1/4 tsp. salt
  • 3 large egg yolks
  • 1/4 cup cornstarch
  • 1 cup whipping cream
  • 1 T. unsalted butter
  • 2 tsp. vanilla extract
  • 3 large ripe bananas
  • 1/3 cup chilled whipping cream
  • 1/2 cup shredded sweetened coconut, toasted 

Preparation
Melt chocolate and the cream in heavy small saucepan over low heat, stirring constantly until smooth.  Pour chocolate mixture into pie crust and spread with the back of spoon to cover bottom. Bring milk, 1/2 cup sugar and salt to simmer in heavy medium saucepan over medium heat, stirring to dissolve sugar. Whisk yolks and cornstarch in medium bowl until smooth. Stir in 1 cup of cream. 

Gradually add milk mixture to yolk mixture, whisking constantly. Return custard mixture to saucepan. Cook over medium heat until mixture thickens and boils, stirring constantly. Turn off heat. Whisk in butter and vanilla. Strain custard into medium bowl. Place plastic wrap directly onto custard surface. Refrigerate until well chilled, at least 1 hour. (Can be prepared a day ahead). Thinly slice 2 bananas and arrange on top of chocolate layer in crust. Spoon custard over bananas. Refrigerate. In medium bowl, beat 1/3 cup cream with remaining 2 tsp. sugar until soft peaks form. Spread whipped cream over custard to cover completely. Cut remaining banana on diagonal into thin slices.  Arrange slices slightly overlapping around the outer edge of pie. Garnish with coconut. Serves 6.

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Spiced Peach Pie with Buttermilk Crust
The Ultimate Summer Dessert
Contributed by Kate Savage
 
Crust

  • 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
  • 5 tsp. sugar
  • 1/2 tsp. salt
  • 6 T. unsalted butter, chilled and cut into 1/2 inch pieces
  • 1/4 cup lard or solid vegetable shortening
  • 3/4 cup + 2 T. (approx) chilled buttermilk

Filling

  • 3/4 cup + 1 T. sugar
  • 1/4 cup all purpose flour
  • 11/2 tsp. fresh lemon juice
  • 1/2 tsp. ground cinnamon
  • 1/4 tsp. ground cardamom
  • 3 3/4 – 4 lbs. ripe peaches
  • 2 T. unsalted butter, cut into small pieces
  • 1 egg, beaten to blend (for glaze) 

Crust Preparation
Blend flour, sugar and salt in processor.  Add butter and lard; cut in using on/off pulse until fat is reduced to pea-size pieces – about 25 pulses.  Using on/off pulse, blend in 3/4 c buttermilk until dough just comes together in moist clumps, adding more buttermilk if dough is dry.  Gather dough into ball.  Divide into 2 pieces, 1 slightly larger than the other.  Flatten each into disk. Wrap disks in plastic; chill at least 1 hour or overnight.

Filling Preparation
Mix 3/4 cup sugar and next 4 ingredients in large bowl. Cook peaches in pot of boiling water for 30 seconds. Transfer to bowl of cold water; cool. Peel, halve and pit peaches. Slice peaches into bowl with sugar mixture; toss to coat. Let filling stand until juices form, stirring often, about 20 minutes. Place 1 rack in center and 1 rack in lowest position in oven; preheat to 400 F. Roll out larger dough disk on floured surface to 12-13 inch round. Transfer dough to 9 inch diameter glass pie dish. Trim overhang to 3/4 inch.

Mound filling in dish; dot with butter. Roll out second disk on floured surface to 12 inch round. Gently roll up dough onto rolling pin; drape dough over filling. Pinch overhang and edge of top crust together.  Fold edge under.  Cut several slits in top crust.  Crimp edge.  Brush pie with beaten egg; sprinkle with 1 T sugar. Place pie on center rack in oven.  Bake 50 minutes.  Place baking sheet on lowest rack to catch drippings.  Continue to bake pie until crust is brown and juices bubble thickly through slits, covering very loosely with foil if top browns too quickly, about 20 minutes.  Cool on rack 1 hour.  Serve warm or at room temperature. Serves 8.

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Marshmallow Creme Fruit Dip
The simplest, best appetizer/dessert topping ever.
Contributed by Sarah Coleman

If all you want is something sweet and creamy to complement your favorite fruit, try this:

It’s simply …

  • 1 7-oz. jar marshmallow cream 
  • 1 8-oz package cream cheese

Preparation
Place cream cheese in small bowl; beat until fluffy. Fold in marshmallow creme. Mix well and serve with all kinds of fresh fruits (including your own berries!) and it is literally heaven on earth! Store in refrigerator. 1-1/2 cups.

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Categories
Recipes

Kentucky Barbecue Sauces and Marinades

On this page…

Bourbon Marinade
Bourbon Grilling Sauce
Bourbon Barbecue Sauce
Bourbon Grilling Dry Rub
“Spirit of Henry Bain” Sauce

(While these all call for Woodford Reserve Kentucky Bourbon, comparable substitutes would work.)

Grillin’ in Kentucky
Here are some tasty sauce and marinade recipes sampled at a Slow Food Bluegrass event.
 
One of Slow Food USA’s local conviviums, Slow Food Bluegrass held “An evening with Chef Ray Lampke”—dubbed Dr. Barbecue—at the Woodford Reserve Distillery in Versailles, where they craft bourbon, another Kentucky specialty.

The next time you gather your crew for a cookout, try these Woodford Reserve Bourbon recipes from Mark Williams, Slow Food Bluegrass convivium leader and executive chef at the Bourbon Street Cafe, Louisville, Kentucky.

Woodford Reserve Kentucky Bourbon Marinade

Serving Suggestions
Serve with your choice of meat, such as:

  • Filet Mignon of Beef: Have the butcher slice beef tenderloin into 6 or 8 ounce steaks.
  • Bison Tenderloin Steaks: Have the butcher slice a 1- 5 lb. bison tenderlion into 6 or 8 ounce steaks.

Ingredients

  • 2 cups mild olive oil
  • ½ cup garlic, finely chopped
  • ¼ cup fresh rosemary, finely chopped
  • ¼ cup fresh ginger, finely chopped
  • ¼ cup soy sauce
  • ¼ cup Woodford Reserve Kentucky bourbon

Preparation
Mix all ingredients together in a bowl. Place steaks in a shallow pan and pour marinade over steaks. Marinate meat for 6 to 12 hours under refrigeration. Take meat out of refrigeration, cover with film wrap and let come to room temperature (about  30 minutes) before cooking. Grill or sauté meat to desired doneness. Season with salt and pepper. Serve with your favorite steak sauce, with a splash of Woodford Reserve added.

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Woodford Reserve Kentucky Bourbon Grilling Sauce

  • 1 cup catsup
  • 1/2 cup apple cider vinegar
  • 1/4 cup peanut oil
  • 1/2 cup brown sugar, firmly packed
  • 1/2 cup lemon juice, freshly squeezed
  • 1/4 cup honey
  • 4 T. whole grain mustard
  • 1/2 cup sweet onion, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh garlic, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh ginger, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh rosemary, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup soy sauce
  • 1 tsp. red pepper flakes
  • 1 tbs. liquid smoke
  • 1/4 cup Woodford Reserve Kentucky bourbon

Preparation
Combine all ingredients except bourbon in a sauce pan and simmer on stovetop for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Take off heat and add bourbon. Sauce can be thinned with water and used to marinate meat before barbecuing.

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Woodford Reserve Kentucky Bourbon Barbecue Sauce

  • 1 1/2 cups catsup
  • 1 cup apple cider vinegar
  • 1/4 cup peanut oil
  • 1/2 cup brown sugar, firmly packed
  • 4 T. whole grain mustard
  • 3/4 cup sweet onion, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh garlic, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh ginger, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup fresh rosemary, finely chopped
  • 1/4 cup soy sauce
  • 1 tsp. red pepper flakes
  • 1 T. liquid smoke
  • 1/4 cup Woodford Reserve Kentucky bourbon

Preparation
Combine all ingredients except bourbon in a sauce pan and simmer on stovetop for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Take off heat and add bourbon. Sauce can be thinned with water and used to marinate meat before barbecuing.

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Woodford Reserve Kentucky Bourbon Grilling Dry Rub

  • 1/2 cup Woodford Reserve bourbon sugar
  • 1 T. garlic salt
  • 1 T. celery salt
  • 1 T. dried lemon peel
  • 1 T. paprika
  • 1 T. dried rosemary, ground
  • 1 T. cumin
  • 1/2 T. white pepper
  • 1 tsp. red pepper flakes

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Woodford Reserve “Spirit of Henry Bain” Sauce
A Louisville favorite for many years, enhanced with Woodford Reserve Kentucky bourbon.

Preparation Time: 5 minutes
Yield: 1 quart

Ingredients

  • 12 oz. Major Grey Chutney
  • ¼ bottle (about 4 ounces) pickled walnuts
  • 14 oz. catsup
  • 10 oz. A-1 sauce
  • 10 oz. Worchestershire sauce
  • 12 oz. chili sauce
  • hot pepper sauce to taste
  • 4 oz. Woodford Reserve Kentucky bourbon

Preparation
Puree chutney with walnuts in blender or food processor. Mix well with other ingredients. Store in sterilized jars.To create a warm sauce to serve over meat, add 1 cup of beef broth to this recipe and heat on a stove in a medium sized pot until hot.

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Categories
Recipes

Old-fashioned Strawberry Jam

Old-fashioned Strawberry JamWhile recipes using pectin are my favorites for making quick batches of tasty jams or jellies with less sugar and less fuss, the flavor of jam made the old-fashioned way, with lots of sugar and cooking time, is a delicious occasional indulgence.

Ingredients
8 cups strawberries, crushed
6 cups sugar
Lemon juice (optional)

Preparation
Rinse (do not soak) berries and drain well. Remove hulls. Crush berries using a pastry blender or potato masher, but don’t puree them–jam has chunks of fruit in it.

Measure berries into a large, heavy-bottomed saucepan. If fruit is very ripe and sweet, add 1 tablespoon lemon juice for every cup of crushed berries.

Over medium heat, stirring occasionally, bring fruit to a gentle boil. Add sugar, stirring constantly until sugar dissolves. Then, increase heat to bring the mixture quickly to a boil. Keep mixture at a rapid boil, stirring constantly to prevent burning, until mixture passes one or more of the tests for doneness (see sidebar).

Remove from heat and skim off any foam. Using a wide-mouthed funnel and a ladle or measuring cup, fill hot, sterilized jars, leaving a one-quarter-inch headspace. Use a damp (not wet) paper towel to wipe the rims.

How to prepare canning jars
Wash canning jars, new lids and bands in hot, soapy water and rinse well. (Use new jars or inspect used jars well, choosing only those free of cracks and chips.) Dry bands and set aside.

Follow the manufacturers’ directions for preparing the lids.

Time this next step so that jars are dry but still hot right before you are ready to fill them. Using a wide, metal saucepan with a flat bottom or a metal cake pan, heat 2 to 3 inches of water until just simmering. Invert clean, rinsed jars in the water and simmer for 10 minutes.

Shortly before you are ready to ladle the jam into the jars, remove them from the water, turn right-side up, and allow to dry before filling. They should still be quite hot when you fill them.

Has my jam jelled?

Thermometer test: To use a candy, deep-fat or jelly thermometer, first  determine the jellying point for your altitude first. Boil some water, noting the temperature at which the water boils. Add 8 degrees Fahrenheit to find the jelling point for your jam or jelly (usually around 220 degrees).

Spoon test: Dip a large metal spoon into boiling jam or jelly. Hold it at least 12 inches above the saucepan, out of the steam, and hold the spoon upside down. If the jam is done, it will sheet from the spoon (run off evenly, leaving a syrup behind).

Refrigerator test: Place a small spoonful of jam onto a chilled plate and place in the refrigerator. If the jam sets up (becomes thick and somewhat firm) after two or three minutes, it is done.

Categories
Animals

Savory Dog Biscuit

Click here for more homemade animal treat recipes.

Ingredients

  • 2 cups whole-wheat flour
  • 1 cup skimmed milk powder
  • 1/2 cup corn meal
  • 1/2 cup rolled oats
  • 1/4 cup wheat germ
  • 1 T. baking powder
  • 1 tsp. garlic powder
  • 1/2 cup grated apples or grated carrots
  • 1/4 cup melted fat (beef, lamb or bacon)
  • 1 egg, slightly beaten
  • 1/2 cup chilled low-sodium beef or chicken broth
  • 1/2 cup cold water

Preparation
In a mixing bowl, combine dry ingredients. Drizzle with melted fat.  Add egg and water and mix well; gather dough into a ball. Roll the dough out on a lightly floured surface to 1/2-inch thinckness. Cut into treats (dog bone shape cookie cutters are available from specialty cooking supply catalogs, or just use a regular cookie cutter). Bake on ungreased baking sheets at 350 degrees F for 30 minutes and you’ll have some savory treats for your favorite dog.

Categories
Recipes

Beet and Roasted Tomato Soup

Beet & Roasted Tomato Soup

In the kitchen, root vegetables comprise a wide range of dense, unique flavors that stand up to being served plain or being paired with spices, herbs, dairy products, meat and fish, or other vegetables:

  • Pickled, they add crunch and sunshiny color to winter meals.
  • Roasted, their sugars emerge to produce a lightly sweet glaze.
  • Simmered and puréed, they make smooth, creamy soups. Like the one below:

Ingredients

  • 2 14.5-oz. cans fire roasted crushed tomatoes 
  • 1⁄2 T. garlic, minced 
  • 2 T. olive oil 
  • 1 cup onion, finely chopped 
  • 4 medium beets (1 to 11⁄2 lb.), peeled and coarsely grated (or 2, 15-oz. can sliced beets, drained) 
  • 2 Cups beef or vegetable stock
  • Sea salt and freshly ground pepper 
  • 1⁄3 cup sour cream 
  • 2 T. milk 
  • 2 T. fresh chives or parsley, chopped

Preparation
In a medium-sized saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat, add the onion and garlic and sauté until onion begins to soften, about 4 to 5 minutes. Add the beets, stock and tomatoes. Cover and bring to a boil. Season with salt and pepper, reduce heat and simmer, covered, until beets become tender (approximately 20 minutes).

Remove from heat and puree the soup in the pan with an immersion blender. Adjust seasonings.

To serve, heat soup over medium heat until hot, but not boiling. Ladle into four individual bowls. Whisk the milk and chives or parsley into the sour cream until smooth and swirl one-quarter of the sour cream mixture over the surface of each bowl of soup. Makes 4-6 servings.

Categories
Recipes

Cornish Pasties

Ingredients

Cornish PastyOne 1½– to 2-pound pot roast
1 T. olive oil
1 medium rutabaga
6 medium potatoes
Salt and pepper to taste

Crust:

4½ cups all-purpose flour
1 cup shortening, such as Crisco
1¼ cups ice-cold water
1 tsp. salt Gravy:
2 boullion cubes
2 T. flour n Vegetable stock

Preparation

Combine flour and salt in a large bowl. Cut in shortening with a pastry blender. Make a well in the center of the mixture and quickly stir in ice-cold water. Form dough into a ball, cover and set aside.

Brown the meat well in olive oil over medium-high heat. Lower heat and let the meat continue to brown while preparing the vegetables. Peel and dice potatoes and rutabaga. Place in separate pots, cover with cold water and bring to a boil. Cook until slightly tender, but still firm. Drain, reserving liquids.

Remove meat from pan and cut into 1-inch chunks. (Set aside pan without rinsing juices.) Shred meat in food processor and place in large bowl. Pulse vegetables in food processor until just coarsely shredded. Combine meat and vegetables; season as desired with salt and pepper.

Break off pieces of dough and roll into 6-inch circles. Place meat filling on one side, fold over to create a half circle shape and seal edges. Place on baking sheet and bake at 375 degrees F until crust is golden, about 20 minutes. Serves 8 to 12.

TO MAKE GRAVY: Reheat the meat pan and, using some of the liquid from the  vegetables, deglaze the pan. Add vegetable liquid to equal 2 cups. Add boullion cubes and bring to boiling; stir until cubes are dissolved. Make a roux, or thickener, for the gravy by adding about 1/4 cup of the hot liquid to 2 tablespoons of flour in a separate bowl. Whisk to remove lumps and gradually stir back into pot; stir until thickened.

Serve pasties with gravy.

More Main Dishes

Categories
Homesteading

Chili Tips

 Tips from Hobby Farms on how to make the perfect pot of Chili
Courtesy USDA/Scott Bauer

Chili Tips!
  • Increase the Heat: Make any of these recipes hotter by using a hot chili powder or adding minced fresh, hot peppers; cayenne; or crushed, dried red pepper to taste.
  • Increase the Flavor: If you like the flavor of chili but not the heat, don’t use any hot peppers at all and choose a mild, sweet chili powder.
  • Save Cash: Cheaper cuts of beef and pork stand up to chili’s long cooking time and deliver superior flavor. When cutting into bite-sized pieces, trim fat to individual taste.
  • Cook it Slow: Long, gentle cooking over low heat results in tender meat, thicker consistency and well-melded flavors. A shorter cooking time at high heat can make the meat tougher and increases the risk of burning.
  • Add These: Accompaniments that people can add to their taste at the table include chopped fresh cilantro, sour cream and cheese, such as grated sharp cheddar or thin slices of Manchego.
Categories
Homesteading

Preserving Fruits and Vegetables

By Cheryl Morrison

About the Author
Cheryl Morrison gardens and cans at her second home in Vermont.

The snap of a bean pod and the juicy sweetness of a berry pie are among the many delights of harvest time, but you can enjoy these pleasures in any season if you know how to preserve–your home-grown food.
 
With a day or two spent on food preservation at harvest time, you will be able to put the flavors and colors of summer on your table during the darkest January days. 

In this article …

The keys to safe and successful home-grown food preservation are to start with fresh, unblemished foods and to prevent bacteria and molds from spoiling them. The most common methods of food preservation are canning and freezing.

Food Preservation Safety
Regardless of whether you are canning fruits and vegetables, freezing them, or serving them fresh from the garden or orchard, start by washing them until they are completely free of soil.

 

Many kinds of bacteria live in soil. Most kinds of soil-borne bacteria are harmless or even beneficial, but one deadly type is botulin, which causes the most feared kind of poisoning from canned foods.

Peach Chutney

Chutneys contain fruit and vinegar that makes them acidic enough to can safely with the boiling-water method. This chutney pairs well with poultry or meat, and you can spoon it from the jar for an excellent no-fuss omelet filling.

Ingredients
5 lbs. fresh peaches, peeled and sliced
2 lbs. dark brown sugar
6 medium-size tart apples, peeled and diced
2 tsp. lemon zest
1 medium onion, grated
2 cups of cider vinegar
1 tsp. paprika
1/3 cup lemon juice
1 T. yellow mustard seed
2 cups raisins
2 tsp. ground cumin
2 tsp. ground ginger

Preparation
Place the peaches in a large bowl and add the brown sugar and vinegar, stirring gently to avoid mashing the peaches. Combine the remaining ingredients in a 6-quart pot, cover and cook for 10 minutes over medium heat, stirring frequently. Add the peaches and bring the mixture to a boil. Lower the heat to a slow boil, leave the pot uncovered, and continue cooking the mixture for about 30 minutes, until the apple pieces disintegrate and thicken. Pack the chutney into seven or eight pint jars and process them in a boiling-water bath for 20 minutes.

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Although far less common than salmonella and other types of food poisoning, botulism is more often fatal. Botulin grows in the absence of air and it favors moist environments—exactly the conditions it would find inside a container of canned food.
 
Canning, when done correctly, kills botulin and other bacteria with heat; freezing immobilizes bacteria and prevents it from growing and spreading.

The cleanliness of your workspace and equipment is also essential to safe home-grown food preservation.

You can rid counters and cutting boards of bacteria by wiping them with a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water.

Carefully wash all knives, bowls and any rigid containers you will use for freezing. Sterilize canning jars and their lids as well as other equipment.

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Kettles and Pressure Canners
For canning high-acid foods such as tomatoes and many fruits, you can use an inexpensive kettle designed for water-bath canning (although a stock pot with a lid will suffice).

 

If you are canning low-acid foods, including meat, asparagus, peppers, beans, and most starchy vegetables, use a proper (i.e. more expensive) steam pressure canner.

Dilly Beans

Plain beans are low-acid foods that require pressure canning, but the vinegar used to make dilly beans makes them safe for the boiling-water method. Crisp and spicy, they add interest to a relish tray, and go well with most meat and fish.

Ingredients
4 lbs. green beans
1 ½ tsp. hot red pepper flakes
7 whole cloves of garlic, peeled
7 heads of fresh dill or 3 1/2 tsp. dill seed
1/2 cup pickling salt
5 cups white vinegar
5 cups water

Preparation
Wash the beans and trim ends so that the beans are one inch shorter than a pint jar. Do not snap the beans. Try to trim all the beans to the same length. Combine the vinegar, salt and water in a pot and bring to a boil. Meanwhile, sterilize seven pint jars. In the bottom of each hot, sterilized jar, put a clove of garlic, ¼ teaspoon of red pepper flakes and a dill head or ½ tsp. of dill seed. Pack the raw beans into the jars. Pour the vinegar and water solution over the beans, leaving an inch of headroom in the jars. Close the jars and process for 20 minutes in a boiling-water bath.

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Most water-bath kettles are made of dark, white-speckled enamel; the most popular sizes are 21- and 33-quart kettles.

Pressure canners, with capacities of 12, 16 or 22 quarts, are usually made of cast aluminum.
 
Both types generally come with removable wire racks that hold the jars in place and allow water to circulate under them.

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Jars and Other Canning Equipment
Quart, pint and half-pint jars for canning—along with other equipment you need—are available in supermarkets and hardware stores, especially at harvest time.

Flat, metal lids with seals and metal rings for holding the lids in place (called screwbands) are generally packaged with the jars, but can also be purchased separately. You can reuse the jars and the screwbands, but always inspect used jars for damage such as chips around the rim and cracks on the body, and use only those in perfect condition.

Never reuse the flat lids for canning because they bend when you open the sealed jar to remove its contents and because the rubber-like seals deteriorate.

You need a large pot for blanching or cooking the food you are canning. This pot should be enameled or made of stainless steel so that its metal does not react chemically with the food.

You also need a pot or a large saucepan for sterilizing the jars, lids and screwbands in boiling water. A teakettle is handy, too, in case you need to add hot water to the canning pot to cover the jars.

A few smaller items are also required:

  • A roll of paper towels and a few clean, cloth towels
  • A wide-mouth canning funnel
  • A large, long-handled slotted spoon
  • Large tongs for lifting the jars
  • Smaller tongs for lifting the lids and screwbands from the sterilizing pot
  • A slotted spoon
  • A ladle

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How To: Basic Canning Procedure

Here are the basic steps for canning with the boiling-water-bath method. (Pressure canning uses the same procedure.)

1. Put the canning kettle, half-filled with water, on the stove to boil. Insert the removable rack and cover with the pot lid. Make sure the water is boiling before you begin filling jars with food.

2. Immerse the jars, lids and screwbands in boiling water in a second pot to sterilize them. If you are using more jars than the pot can hold, remove the sterilized jars one at a time as you use them and add unsterilized jars as space becomes available.

3. Fill the teakettle and put it on to boil, then prepare the food you want to can and cook it or blanch it, depending on the food.

4. Use tongs to remove a jar from the sterilizing pot, drain it, and use the canning funnel, slotted spoon and ladle to fill it with food. Leave headroom between the food and the jar rim to allow for expansion: a half-inch in pint jars, one inch in quart jars.

5. Remove the funnel and use a clean paper towel dipped in the boiling water to wipe the rim of the jar.

6. Using the smaller tongs, remove a lid from the sterilizing pot and set it on the jar, then remove a screwband from the boiling water and screw it onto the jar using a clean kitchen towel. Tighten the screwband only enough to hold the lid in place so the air can escape from the jar as it expands during the boiling-water bath.

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 until all the jars are filled.

8. Lower the filled jars into the canning pot. You can lift the rack from the pot, put the jars in the rack and lower them all at once, or you can leave the rack in the pot and use tongs to lower the jars one at a time. If the batch of food you are canning does not fill as many jars as the canning pot will hold, use jars filled with water as place holders to prevent the jars of food from falling over or colliding.

9. At the end of the processing time—which depends on the food—use the large tongs to remove the jars from the boiling water and set them on a towel spread out on a counter or tray. Allow the jars to cool at room temperature.

NOTE: Listen for clicks as the jars cool. Each jar lid clicks when the vacuum inside the jar pulls the lid into a concave shape. The click indicates the jar’s seal is complete.

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Testing the Seals
When the jars have cooled for about 12 hours, perform two tests on them to make sure their seals are complete:

  • First, press the lids. If you can depress a lid and it then springs back, the jar is not sealed and its contents should be used immediately or reprocessed. If you can depress the lid but it then stays concave, the seal may or may not be complete; the second test will tell. A lid that does not move when you touch it is a sign of a good seal, but perform the second test to be sure.
  • For the second test, remove the screwbands. Then, one at a time, put the jars in a pan that is lined with a clean towel and lift them by the edges of the metal lids. A weak seal will break under the weight of the jar, which will drop away from the lid and spill into the pan. If the seal is complete, the weight of the jar will not break it and the jar will stay attached to the lid.

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More Resources

Putting Food By, written by Janet Greene, Ruth Hertzberg and Beatrice Vaughan, and published by the Penguin Group, is a comprehensive guide to canning and freezing. It also covers other food-preservation techniques such as curing, root-cellar storage and it provides detailed instructions for preserving specific foods, including meats and fish, as well as produce.

Another source of information about food preservation is the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Extension Service, which has offices in many rural counties.

A wealth of information about canning, freezing and other food preservation methods is available on the Web. Among the sites worth exploring are these:

The National Center for Food Preservation offers detailed processing instructions, recipes and general information about various preservation techniques.

The Ohio State University Web site provides the Family and Consumer Science Series Index of fact sheets on a variety of subjects for homemakers, including several on food preservation.

At www.cooks.com, a search using the words “canning vegetables” produces dozens of recipes for relishes, pickles, soups and sauces, as well as canning instructions.

This University of Missouri site provides links to numerous “Quality for Keeps” pages on food preservation.

And don’t forget the Ball Blue Book of Preserving, a staple of country kitchens everywhere. It’s available almost everywhere and updated constantly with new information and recipes.

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Pressure Canning
For low-acid foods—including meats, fish and most vegetables—only a pressure canner can produce high-enough processing temperatures to assure safety.

  1. Put about two inches of water in the pressure canner and place the filled jars in its rack. Tighten the lid on the pressure cooker, but do not close the vents.
  2. Keep the canner on high heat until steam flows freely from the vents, then hold the heat at this temperature for 10 minutes before closing the vents. Processing time begins when the gauge on the canner tells you that the pressure is at the recommended level.
  3. At the end of the processing time, remove the canner from the heat. Allow its temperature and pressure to fall naturally. When the pressure is down to zero, wait two more minutes before opening the vents and the lid. As you remove the lid and release steam from the pot, take care to direct the steam away from your body.

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Freezing Basics
Many fruits and vegetables hold their shape, color, texture and flavor better with freezing than with canning. Freezing also requires less time and effort.

The downside of freezing is that frozen foods deteriorate faster than canned goods. The maximum time for keeping frozen foods varies, but no frozen foods are worth keeping after 12 months.

Freezing changes the texture of some foods in an undesirable way, especially those with a high water content.

Foods that do not freeze well include celery, parsley, lettuce, cucumbers, potatoes and radishes.

The fats in meat, fish and poultry can turn rancid if they come into contact with air while frozen. This happens when air is trapped in their package, or when it penetrates the wrapping.
 
Adding salt before freezing can also increase the risk of rancidity.
To freeze these foods successfully, always wrap them carefully with airtight materials. If you store them in plastic bags, use only freezer-grade bags, remove the air before closing them and seal them securely.

Frozen foods should be kept at temperatures below zero degrees F to prevent the growth of botulin. When you thaw frozen foods, the bacterial growth resumes. To prevent dangerous bacterial growth, thaw food slowly in the refrigerator and use it immediately.

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Freezing Vegetables
Freezing is a safe way of preserving low-acid vegetables such as peas, string beans and carrots.

Other vegetables that freeze well: 

  • asparagus
  • corn
  • cauliflower
  • broccoli
  • okra
  • peppers

After you cut the vegetables into pieces, blanch them in boiling water, steam or a microwave oven to kill the enzymes that can cause them to lose flavor and color quickly.

Cool the vegetables quickly by plunging them into ice-cold water before packing them in plastic bags and freezing them.
 
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Freezing Fruit
Fruit can be frozen in wet packs or dry packs. Wet-pack freezing uses liquid, which could be the fruit’s own juice, water or simple syrup. Moist fruits like peaches and strawberries can be cut into pieces and mixed with sugar until the juice is drawn out and the sugar dissolves, then packaged and frozen.

Dry-pack freezing is an excellent way of preserving whole berries, including strawberries, cranberries, blackberries and currants, as well as figs and rhubarb. They hold their flavor, shape and color over many months, and they retain enough of their firmness for shortcakes, pies, muffins or just sprinkling on breakfast cereal. Dry-pack freezing requires no sugar or pectin, no cooking and no equipment other than a colander or wire basket, some cookie sheets and plastic freezer bags.

To freeze fruit in this way, wash it gently but thoroughly and then drain it using a colander or wire basket. Carefully remove stems and leaves from berries. Rhubarb stems should be cut into one-inch pieces; discard the rhubarb leaves, which are toxic.

Spread the fruit in a single layer on a cookie sheet and put it in the freezer. When it is frozen solid and hard to the touch, put the fruit into plastic bags intended for freezing. Close the bags carefully, removing as much air as you can without bruising the fruit, and put the bags in the freezer.

Fruit that is frozen in this way does not stick together, so when you are ready to use it, you can open a bag, shake out as much as you need, reseal the bag and return it to the freezer. If you freeze a half-gallon bag with equal quantities of strawberries and rhubarb pieces in season, you can pull it from your freezer in January for a pie that’s nearly as good as one made from fresh ingredients in spring.

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This article first appeared in the Fall/Winter 2006 issue of Hobby Farm Home magazine.

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Recipes

Pumpkin Pancakes

Pumpkin pancakes

Ingredients

  • 2 cups white whole-wheat flour
  • 2 T brown sugar, packed 
  • 2 tsp. baking powder
  • 1/2 tsp. baking soda
  • 1/2 tsp. salt
  • 1½ cups buttermilk*
  • 1/2 cup pumpkin puree
  • 1 large egg
  • 2 T. canola oil
  • 1/2 cup chopped walnuts

Preparation
In a large bowl, combine the dry ingredients. In another bowl, combine the milk, pumpkin, egg and oil. Add the milk mixture and nuts to the dry ingredients, and stir together until just moistened. Be careful not to overmix the batter.

Spray a heavy skillet or griddle pan with non-stick cooking spray or brush on a light coating of canola oil. Place over medium-high heat and warm. Add ¼ cup batter for each pancake. Cook about 2 minutes or until large bubbles appear. Then turn and cook for an additional 2 to 3 minutes or until golden brown.

Makes 16 4-inch pancakes.

*To substitute for buttermilk, whisk 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice with the milk and set aside for a few minutes to thicken.

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Recipes

Choose-A-Nut Pasta Sauce

Choose-a-Nut PastaUse your favorite pasta (mine is linguine) and your favorite nuts (I like walnuts) for this easy, but unexpectedly rich, dish–pasta sauce made with nuts! Different nuts also combine well with flavored pastas for unique flavor combinations: try lemon pasta with almonds, carrot pasta with cashews, or spinach pasta with Brazil nuts.

Ingredients

  • 12 oz. pasta
  • 2 cups nut meats, such as almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, filberts, pecans or walnuts
  • 5 cloves garlic
  • 1/4 cup butter
  • ¼ cup olive oil
  • ½ cup Parmesan or Romano cheese, freshly grated
  • Additional coarsely chopped nuts, grated cheese and chopped fresh parsley for garnish, if desired

Preparation
Cook pasta as directed, until al dente. While pasta is cooking, use a food processor or blender to combine the nut meats and enough hot water from the cooking pasta to make a stiff paste. Add the garlic, butter, olive oil and cheese. Blend, adding additional hot water as needed to make a smooth, thick sauce.

Drain pasta. Pour sauce over pasta and toss until well-coated. Place on individual serving plates, garnish and serve immediately.

Makes 4 to 6 servings.