Categories
Urban Farming

A Gift of Chestnuts

chestnuts

Photo by Judith Hausman

I love the sweet, delightful taste of chestnuts.

“Look what Tarsha brought me,” said my friend Charlie the other night. He held high a big bag of glossy-brown chestnuts. “She said they’re all over her yard.”

Charlie’s colleague, Tarsha, and her neighbor somehow have a huge crop of American chestnuts from two large trees in their Danbury, Conn., yards. According to The American Chestnut Foundation (www.acf.org), which develops and reforests blight-resistant trees, “The American chestnut tree reigned over 200 million acres of Eastern woodlands from Maine to Florida, and from the Piedmont west to the Ohio Valley, until succumbing to a lethal fungus infestation, known as the chestnut blight, during the first half of the 20th century.”

The blight came into the country not far from here on infected Asian chestnut trees planted in Long island, N.Y., in 1904.

What a rare bounty Tarsha had given us! I love chestnuts, but virtually all I’ve ever eaten, even the nostalgic bagsful of roasted chestnuts still sold on the streets of New York City, are imported, often from China or Italy, and often spoiling quickly from the long trip. Tarsha was sharing with us piles of them, but she wasn’t even sure how to eat them.

First off, I cut a small “X” in their tough, shiny shells and stuck a panful in the oven. While they’re roasting, the shells peel back at the cuts so you can crack them off. Roasting also sweetens and softens the nut. Charlie and I cracked open that first round while we sipped red wine, snuggled around an outdoor firepit and watched the sunset. Easy.

But I wanted to do more with this windfall of chestnuts. A rich bisque with carrots or pumpkin was a savory possibility, but I’d just brought home two wonderful chickens raised about 5 miles from home so, of course, I thought, “Chestnut stuffing!”

I sautéed chopped onions, shallots and celery in plenty of butter; tossed in bread crumbs, sage and parsley to absorb the butter, and then added chopped, roasted chestnuts and seasoning while it all toasted a little in a pan. Into the bird this chestnut stuffing went, lending a woodsy flavor and chewy texture to our classic roast chicken-Sunday supper.

If your tradition is rice stuffing, the chestnuts would also combine well with that, especially with wild rice. I didn’t use fruit, but apple chunks, pomegranate seeds or dried cranberries would make sweet-tart add-ins as well. Try a stuffing a turkey with this mix or even a goose.

Then, I poked around in a French cookbook for a dessert. In France, chestnuts are often candied in syrup or pureed to make a sweet pastry filling. Many recipes combine chocolate and chestnuts, too. Instead, I picked a honey cake to combine and celebrate these two wild foods. The original recipe used walnuts, but I reasoned that subbing in roasted chestnuts would work fine. I was right. The cake was dense with warm flavors, almost medieval somehow, like the pounded fruit and nut pastes of Italy. “Mmmm!” Of course, I sent Tarsha a portion of this experiment.

I also had enough of the chestnut gift to make a round of bread. I used to often make bread but had eased off because I ate way too much of it by myself! I got started with simple, slow-rise dough and then drizzled in a little hazelnut oil. The chunky, soft, roasted chestnut pieces made the bread really special — not a slice you see every day, for sure. To the last rise, I could have added raisins or other dried fruit, too, or gone savory by adding chopped olives at the same stage.

The gift of chestnuts inspired me. Also, now Tarsha knows what an unusual — and delicious — crop she has right in her suburban backyard.

Read more of The Hungry Locavore »

Categories
Beginning Farmers

Elmore Mountain Farm

Hobby farmers Peter and Bunny Merrill hold their goat in front of a red barnPhoto courtesy Peter Merrill

About 10 years ago, after years of driving back and forth to northern Vermont for weekends and vacations, my wife, Bunny, and I finally got up the nerve to pull up our suburban roots. We’d thought about the move for a long time, and we had a pretty good idea about what we wanted: space, mostly. Space to be outdoors with our kids and to have a vegetable garden and some animals.

We bought an old farm from the estate of a 96-year-old woman who’d lived there for almost six decades. Good karma, we thought. The place was a mess, and we slept on the screened-in porch that first summer while we fixed up the house and shored up the barn. We’d never be bold enough to call ourselves farmers, but we jumped into farm life with both feet: Honey bees, apple trees, goats, donkeys, berries, grapes, a rabbit, and enough zucchini and cucumbers to sustain a small army. We were very ambitious.

Despite our best efforts and intentions, the bees swarmed, deer girdled the apple trees, the donkeys bullied the goats, the goats ate the grapes, and the poor rabbit didn’t make it through the first winter. We refocused our efforts: got more bees, replanted the apple trees and returned the donkeys to the farm from which they had come. For Christmas that first year, I gave Bunny two baby Pygmy goats. The weekend before, our sons and I had filled two small crates with straw and gone to pick them up. The male goat had just been neutered, and on the ride home, I told the boys about the birds and the bees. This pleased Bunny almost as much as the goats did.

We named the Pygmy goats Bud and Genny, for Budweiser and Genesee, because they looked like little beer kegs. Together with our two Oberhasli goats, Lucy (named for the prior farm owner) and Helen, they doubled our “herd” to four. That same winter, we borrowed a handsome young buck named Jacques to breed Helen and Lucy. After they kidded the following spring, we began milking them, and we experimented with making cheese and soap. Our cheese looked like latex caulk and tasted worse, but our goat’s-milk soap was pretty good. We gave it away to friends and put it in Christmas stockings along with the jams, jellies and dilly beans we’d made from the garden. We began selling our soap in a few local stores, and pretty soon our kitchen, the spare room upstairs and finally the garage were overrun with curing bars of fragrant soap.

Somehow, goats seem to get a bad rap. The old adage about fencing goes: “If it won’t hold water, it won’t hold a goat,” and it certainly seems to ring true when one of our Pygmy goats has just finished clear-cutting my blueberries, but generally speaking, goats are easy to keep and give back far more than they demand with their quirky personalities and peaceful demeanors. Each night before bed, we shut them in for the evening and spend a few minutes nuzzling with them, scratching their heads and enjoying the smell of their warm hay-breath.

Bunny and I work well together. She loves taking care of the animals and making soap. I’ve enjoyed creating the artwork for our packaging and marketing our products in the local area. Every year, my vegetable garden gets a little bit bigger. Our scale is modest, which is how we like it. Our farm and our labors support us in ways that go well beyond our fragile bottom line. If they somehow allow us to live the way we want to and to do what we love, that will be enough.

This article originally appeared in the November/December 2011 issue of Hobby Farms.

Categories
Homesteading

9 Tile-stencil Designs

Whether you want to add flair to a newly tiled wall or brighten up existing tiles for a fresh look, these stencils can help give your kitchen, bathroom or other tiled room a cozy farmhouse feel. Here are the steps to help you get started.

1. Choose your stencil.
Select your favorite farm-themed stencil from the images below, and download the image. Increase or reduce the size of the image to fit the size of the tile you want to paint. Print the image on card stock or another heavy material. Use a hobby or utility knife to cut out the black part of the image.

2. Plan your design.
Once you paint your tile, it’s not easy to undo the changes, so prepare your colors and design ahead of time. Use gridded paper to lay out the design. For a more visual representation of how the painted tiles will work with the overall theme of your room, use tape to mark Xs on the tiles you plan to paint, or tape printouts of the stencil on the selected tiles.

Painting a spare tile is an excellent way to test your colors and skills without permanently altering the tile on your wall.

3. Prep tile surface.
Clean the tile surface of any built-up grease or dust using a vinegar and water solution. To remove mold or mildew buildup, use a hydrogen-peroxide or bleach solution. Also be sure to repair any damaged grout or tiles before starting.

4. Paint!
To stencil your tiles, use an acrylic or enamel paint designed for use on the surface you’re working on. The brush you want to use for application will depend on the look you’re trying to achieve. “I recommend soft, rounded brushes for applying base glazes,” says Denise Ertler, a field representative for Mayco, which sells paints for use on tiles. “These allow the color to float nicer on the tile. For outlines and details, I recommend a small liner brush.”

Once your design dries, apply a layer of clear polyurethane paint to give the tile a glossy finish and prevent the design from chipping.

Farm-scene stencil 
Farm Scene 
Cherries stencil 
Cherries
Dandelion stencil
Dandelion
Fleur de Lis Stencil
Fleur de Lis
Lemons
Lemons
Maple-leaf stencil
Maple Leaf
Rooster stencil
Rooster
Tulip stencil
Tulip
Floral-design stencil
Floral Design
 
Categories
News

Time Change Affects Livestock Routines

Silhouette of rooster of farm fence at sunrise
Courtesy Comstock/Thinkstock
Doing daily livestock chores according to the sunrise and sunset can offset the effects of daylight saving time in animals.

Over the weekend, most of the U.S. “fell back” for daylight saving time. First adopted in the United States in 1918 in an effort to conserve fuel used to produce electricity during World War I, this biannual time adjustment has experienced its fair share of criticism over the years. While some say it saves energy and gives us more daylight for outdoor activities, like exercising, running errands or working on the farm, others say that it throws off humans’ circadian rhythm. As debates over the effects daylight saving time ensue, it’s important to remember that the time change can also impact our animals.

Just as humans have internal clocks, so do livestock. Many times livestock routines are formed by human activities, and psychological and physiological stress can occur if those routines are disrupted. For example, if a cow is used to being milked at a certain time each day and suddenly the farmer arrives an hour sooner, the cow will not feel that it is the proper time to be milked and may resist. Much the same, if the farmer waits an hour later, the cow will be more than ready to be milked because in its mind, the farmer is “late.” Physical effects can occur, as well, as the cow’s udder will continue to produce milk and pressure will build up due to the delayed milking time.

Other animals experience effects of daylight saving time, too. Livestock accustomed to being fed at a certain time will be disappointed when they visit their feeder only to find it empty. Just as humans can get grumpy when hungry, animals do as well. They don’t care if your alarm clock, your microwave, the DVR, your cell phone, your wristwatch, the laptop, the iPad, and the morning news all agree that time has changed, they just want to eat breakfast!

Some simple ways to avoid livestock issues surrounding daylight saving time include gradually adjusting farming schedules so that animals do not experience a dramatic change in routine or simply “following the sun” instead of the clock when partaking in your daily farm activities. Just remember, when the rooster crows, it doesn’t check the clock first.

Categories
Equipment

Great Idea, Low Point

Inside of shed is a soon-to-be workshop full of piles of tools
Photo by Jim Ruen
My shop in progress is currently full of piles of tools until I can get it all organized.

Even great ideas can have a downside. As I mentioned in an earlier blog post, I’m making the transition to a shop remote from the garage, where it has shared residence with vehicles and assorted storage bins.

So far, the process has largely consisted of transporting tools and materials to the shed. I did install my long-suffering workbench (this was its seventh home in the past 30 years.) However, most everything else sits in stacks against the wall.

The major downside so far—apart from not being able to recall which stack needed items are in—is the fact that tools and supplies are now 100-plus feet removed. This was brought home the other day when I was installing some trim. Where I once slipped out the door to the garage, I headed out across the lawn. I grabbed the portable drill bag off the bench, the container of nails and a hammer.

Once back in the house I opened the bag to discover I had not returned the drill to it the previous day. Back to the shop I went. With the first nails placed to secure a strip of trim, I looked for the nail punch. Again I headed for the shop.

Now this wasn’t bad with weather in the 50s; all I had to do was slip on a pair of shoes. As we head into a Minnesota winter, I know such jaunts will be a little more daunting, especially if drifting snow fills in the shoveled path as it is sure to do. 

I’ll definitely be making my list and checking it twice. I’ll also be beefing up my in-house tool kit. Of course as far as downsides go, having an excuse to buy new tools isn’t that bad.

<< More Shop Talk >>

Categories
Urban Farming

Will San Diego Say Yes?

miniature LaMancha goat

Photo by Aleigh Acerni

Bessie, the miniature LaMancha goat that Dr. Laura Hershey is hoping to bring home.

“I would rather live next door to a goat than a Rottweiler,” says San Diego, Calif. resident Dr. Laura Hershey. “Goats make great neighbors.”

This comparison — between a sometimes-aggressive breed of dog that’s welcome in Hershey’s city and the docile dwarf goats that are forbidden — is one she’s used many times to help illustrate what she sees as an unfair ban on goats in her city. And she’s not alone. Hershey is among a growing group of diverse residents who, for the past several months, have been making known their desire to become urban farmers through emails to local representatives, in online forums and at public meetings across the city.

The ban on goats is just one of the problems would-be urban farmers have with the city’s current laws, however. One rule, requiring urban farmers to keep their chickens 50 feet from any residence, is practically impossible to obey; most lots in San Diego simply aren’t large enough to comply. There are also rules against keeping bees, as well as regulations that make it a logistical challenge and a financial hardship to host a farmers market or daily farm stand on private property.

But a newly proposed urban-agriculture ordinance just might allow Hershey to bring home the miniature LaMancha goat, Bessie, she currently has on reserve. “I had miniature goats for five years, and I’m really looking forward to having them again,” she says. “They’re great companion animals, and I also make cheese [from their milk].”

The new rules appear to be a work-in-progress, which shouldn’t come as a surprise to many San Diego residents; they’ve already been a long-time coming. For the past few years, the city was embroiled in a battle to change local laws to allow for the creation of New Roots Community Garden, a 2.3-acre, multicultural community garden. The entire process took two years, a reported $40,000, and hard work from residents and several local, regional and national organizations. Yes, it was a success. But in some sense, it was also a failure: It revealed that San Diego had more urban-agriculture issues to deal with than simply the ability to create community gardens, which local would-be urban farmers didn’t waste any time pointing that out.

“[New Roots Community Garden] had just been completed adjacent to my district,” says City Councilmember Todd Gloria, who supports the new ordinances, although he is not an urban farmer himself. “In the midst of building the community support for it, other issues started to come forward, specifically about urban agriculture.”

To Gloria, making San Diego more urban-farmer-friendly is about more than just chickens and bees. It’s about sustainability, affordability and healthy eating. It’s about building a diverse and welcoming community. It’s about joining the ranks of other cities that have already tackled this issue — notably San Francisco, Chicago and Seattle. And it just makes sense. “Really what we’re trying to do is tie this together in a much larger urban-agriculture initiative,” he says. “We’re excited about it. We know that other communities are already doing this. We want to catch up, and we want to be leaders on this.”

If the new rules pass (they’re expected to land in front of City Council again in January, 2012), single-family homes will be allowed to have five chickens — no roosters — 15 feet from their homes. They can keep more chickens if they maintain a 50-foot setback. Beekeepers will be able maintain two hives, up from one hive in the first draft of the ordinance.

It’s not looking good for Hershey and Bessie, however. San Diego County Department of Environmental Health and Public Health Services has requested the removal of the rule allowing miniature goats out of fear that hosting urban goats will lead to an increase in raw-milk consumption. According to Gloria, the request has been accepted, and goats have been removed from the most recent draft.

“One piece of the ordinance that isn’t moving forward right now is the goats,” says Gloria. “County health services have raised some red flags regarding the milk. In my mind, it’s not a dead issue … This will evolve and change over time. We will, I’m sure, come back and pick it up again. The local advocates have really been phenomenal with us.”

Even if she can’t bring Bessie home just yet, Hershey will be (mostly) pleased with the new laws; although, she’ll continue to advocate for her goat companions. “It’ll still be better than it was,” she says. “It’s going to change our lives a lot.”

Categories
Animals

That Darned Kerla!

Kerla, a brown male goat with white patches and a beard
Photo by Sue Weaver
That darned Kerla thinks he’s so studly.

Kerla and my mate, Bon Bon, are having kids! Mom is annoyed, but not half as much as I am.

Last week, Mom was working on her computer when she heard buck blubbering just outside the door. She ran out and found Kerla and Bon Bon together, racing madly around the yard. Bon Bon hadn’t gone out with the other goats because she was in heat and making goo-goo eyes at Kerla over his buck paddock fence. All the does do it because Kerla is the Fonzie of Goats. But somehow Kerla climbed over the fence! He wanted to help Bon Bon have kids.

Kerla never had a girlfriend before, so he didn’t know quite what to do. Mom grabbed a lead rope and tried to catch him before he figured it out. But that Bon Bon … when I breed her she always races around and bashes me with her head (she thinks that’s how does show affection) and she was doing it to Kerla, too. So before Mom could catch up and get a rope on Bon Bon, Kerla figured out what goes where and he bred her three times. Then Mom thought, “What’s the use?” So she caught them both and put them in a pen.

That darned Kerla! Bon Bon and I had pretty babies together, first Jadzia and Curzon and then the Clones, but they’re all grown up now and I wanted to help her make more.

Remember when Kerla came to our farm? He was supposed to be my daughter, Jadzia’s boyfriend! But then she had my boys Biscuit and Bijou last year and he didn’t get to breed her after all. So, turnabout is fair play (I guess). Around March 27, I’ll tell you about their kids.

But you know what? The next day when Kerla went back to the paddock he shares with Mopple, the sheep-geep, there was a brand new strand of electric wire stretched above his woven wire fence. Kerla didn’t know what it was, so he deliberately touched it with his nose. Then he shrieked and stampeded up the ramp to the top of his Port-a-Hut and stood and snorted. Mopple was amused. Kerla deserved it!

« More Mondays with Martok »

Categories
News

“Queen” Reigns Over Chicken Biosecurity

Dr. Julie Helm, DVM, kneels next to three kids and three chickens in a chicken coop
Courtesy Julie Helm
Dr. Julie Helm, DVM, travels to coops in South Carolina, donned in a silver tiara, to teach about the importance of biosecurity.

This week, the USDA is celebrating its annual Bird Health Awareness Week (Oct. 30, 2011 to Nov. 5, 2011) and there’s one veterinarian who is getting out the word about poultry health in a showstopping way.

Dr. Julie Helm, DVM, is South Carolina’s “Bioscurity Queen,” and she likes to dress the part. She wears a pageant-quality silver tiara and a beauty-pageant sash, but don’t look for an evening gown or a fancy up-do to complete the beauty-queen look. Her outfit consists of blue coveralls, a bouffant cap and boots.

In her 15th year as a poultry specialist veterinarian with Clemson University, Helm covers herself from head to toe to prevent the spread of disease when she visits farms. She wears the outfit in lecture halls to drive home her point about keeping chickens, turkeys and other types of poultry healthy. A few years ago, she added the tiara and sash to her attire, in a nod to her acquired nickname: “Biosecurity Queen.”

“I thought, let’s literally just dress it up and take it on the road,” Dr. Helm says. “Whatever the audience, wherever the place, if I’m talking biosecurity, I dress up.”

Dr. Julie Helm, DVM, dressed in blue jumpsuit, bouffant cap, tiara and sash that reads "Biosecurity Queen," standing in front of chicken paintings
Courtesy Julie Helm
Dressed in a tiara and sash, Dr. Julie Helm, DVM, has become known as the Biosecurity Queen.

As an employee at Clemson University’s Livestock Poultry Health Program, Helm also coordinates the National Poultry Improvement Plan for South Carolina. Part of her job is performing poultry necropsies as part of disease investigation. (CULPH serves as the state’s animal-health authority and veterinary diagnostic laboratory.) Helm has worked on an avian influenza response plan for the state and traveled around the Palmetto State doing what she calls “a road show and a lot of talks” about the avian influenza disease and how to avoid it after it became a global problem in 2005.

She tells poultry owners that by practicing biosecurity, they can protect their chickens and turkeys against diseases, including serious ones, such as avian influenza and exotic Newcastle disease. She offers simple steps that can be taken to keep birds healthy, such as cleaning shoes, tools and equipment to keep diseases from spreading from coop to coop or from farm to farm.

She gets her share of strange looks, and she’s been recognized while out at local stores—even without her costume—and her car sports a vanity license plate saying “Biosecurity Queen!” Although she likes to have fun with her job, she takes her role seriously.

“People do look at me funny, but they will obviously remember me dressed up in my tiara, bouffant cap, sash and boots,” Helm says. “I’m hoping when they remember this crazy, silly lady, they also remember how important biosecurity is in protecting their flocks.”

Originally from Vancouver, Wash., Helm did not grow up with chickens and had little desire to be a poultry veterinarian when she first studied at Oregon State University. A dog and cat lover, she planned to specialize in small animal medicine.

But after spending a few weeks interning with a turkey veterinarian, she decided poultry was her calling.

“[The vet] was in charge of overall poultry health, and he visited farms all the time and was always solving problems, putting out little fires,” Helm says.

Now her days are filled with “putting out little fires” of her own—from trying to figure out why egg production is down (frequently it’s the feed) to diagnosing diseases in sick or dying chickens.

She has become the go-to person in her adopted state of South Carolina for all types of poultry questions and concerns.

“I had a lady who called and asked ‘How old do chickens live?’” Helm recalls. “I said, ‘A chicken living outdoors in southern weather—anywhere from five to 10 years.’ And she said ‘My hen is 23 years old.’ I said, ‘Well you are the record!’ That hen must have had a very long, pampered life.”

Helm lives on 35-acre property in Elgin, S.C., but while she has other pets, chickens are not among them. When she visits a poultry farm, she cannot have been in contact with other poultry from one to two days in advance, so she settles for her six dogs and six cats.

Unlike some of its neighboring states, South Carolina, which has about 800 commercial poultry farms and a growing number of backyard breeders, has never had a serious outbreak of disease among its poultry.

“In South Carolina so far, we have been very lucky,” she says. “We haven’t had a serious poultry disease to deal with. Our neighbors have. Virginia and North Carolina both had a mild strain of avian influenza in 2002, which seriously affected many poultry farms. That outbreak brought about the development of the current national avian influenza monitoring program and all the education we’ve been doing and that the USDA has been doing.”

So perhaps the tiara and sash are having the impact she had hoped for.

“People obviously remember me, and I’m hoping they remember my message: that biosecurity is very important for disease prevention and protecting animals in agriculture,” Helm says.

Categories
Urban Farming

Garden Scissors

garden scissors

Photo by Rick Gush

I can’t live without my garden scissors!

Usually when I wax poetic about by my garden tools, I’m talking about sturdy, blacksmith-made shovels, picks and trowels that I can get here in Italy. Today, however, I’m going to laud one of my seldom-mentioned but often-used garden tools: my scissors.

Many other garden tools can be used instead, but scissors are safer. My hands have several little scars from my garden knives gone awry and a few big scars from my pruning shears, but I have absolutely no scars from my scissors. Garden scissors are also very inexpensive. I paid 32 euros for my latest pair of garden shears, but I only paid 1 euro for my pair of scissors.

Garden scissors are really good for harvesting lettuce and other soft things that need to be cut. With my garden scissors, I can easily cut a head of lettuce, cut squash off the vine or harvest herbs, such as marjoram and sage. Scissors are also great for harvesting flowers. I cut a small bouquet of roses with my scissors yesterday.

A pair of garden scissors is obviously a good tool for cutting twine and twist ties. I use a lot of green, plastic-covered wire to tie up plants in the garden and wrap bunches of herbs and flowers. I used the scissors to cut the twist-tie for supporting the peas yesterday, and I used the scissors for cutting ties for a bunch of herbs that I harvested today.

Scissors are, of course, a great tool for cutting stuff like plastic sheeting and shade cloth. It rained hard a few days ago, so I used my scissors the day before yesterday to cut up some old plastic cement bags to make protective wrapping for a half sack of special cement that came in a paper sack.

Scissors are good for poking holes in shade cloth to allow cord to be attached, and they are also good for opening cardboard boxes of snail meal and opening sacks of concrete. Scissors are also good for light pruning in the garden, and I use them almost every day to keep my rambunctious start jasmine trellis looking nicely trimmed. Back when I had a lot of bonsai plants, I had a whole suite of expensive Japanese shears, but the pruning tool I used most often was my regular pair of scissors.

Perhaps the best but least-frequent use of scissors in the garden is for thinning seedlings. I have great trouble seeding sparsely, so everything from radishes to carrots and peas tend to germinate and become a bit crowded in my garden, and none of those do well unless the plants are spaced properly. So, I need to do a lot of seedling thinning.

In my youth, I used to pinch the seedlings with my fingers or pull out the unwanted baby plants, but pulling out seedlings often causes root damage to neighbor seedlings, whose roots are intertwined with the seedlings being removed. Once I discovered using scissors for thinning seedlings, I never went back to the other method.

Scissors are the absolute must-have garden tool for your garden.

Read more of Digging Italy »

Categories
Urban Farming

Robert Mirabal’s Fight

corn in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico

Photo by Nelson Zink

It’s assumed most Native American communities are adept at farming grains and produce. So you can imagine how shocked Robert Mirabal, a two-time Grammy-winning musician of Taos, N.M., and actor in the 2009 Lifetime film Georgia O’Keefe, was to discover the opposite.

Instead of sitting back and watching the demise of the community in which he grew up, the Native American, who now lives in a home with his wife and three daughters at the foot of the Taos Mountains, just outside of Taos Pueblo, N.M., did something about it. Along with retired psychologist Nelson Zink, he founded Tiwa Farms in 2010, a project designed to reintroduce farming to those who live in Taos Pueblo.

“It’s kind of sad,” he admits, about the lost art of farming in such an agriculturally rich region that can boast centuries of farming history. This area is also a major part of U.S. history; here, Native Americans once harvested corn for rain dances. Now you can buy corn at a neon-lit grocery store that’s just a short car ride away. “When we stop farming, we lose our connection to the past and to the future. Rather than talking about a rain dance, maybe we know what it is like to be in a drought instead of just going to the supermarket,” he says. “Corn is our culture, and if we deny that element, we deny our culture.”

Tiwa Farm’s mission is two-fold: to teach Native Americans how to farm and to also reintroduce heirloom seeds. That means pumpkins, squash, blue and white corn, beans, and rice are more likely to be planted than tomatoes or peppers. As early as the 1920s, explains Mirabal, his community in northern New Mexico received money from the federal government to purchase horse-drawn plows. “In the pueblos, we were in the heyday of our farming.”

The advent of machinery in later decades put those horses to a grinding halt. People went off to school, to the War or moved away from the pueblos for other reasons. Those horses, says Mirabal, died “because people did not know how to care for them, and a modern lifestyle has made us more sedentary — sitting in front of the TV; and instead of walking someplace, we sit in the car,” he says.

Tiwa Farm is a virtual project, meaning the farmland is scattered in a 3-mile radius throughout the community, from small garden plots to large, 2-acre farm fields. Mirabal and Zinc got started by purchasing an old tractor and plowing the fields behind many families’ homes. “It’s up to them to teach their children and their families,” he says. “Once it’s plowed, it’s up to them.”

Yet, Mirabal is anything but hands-off. He acts as a farming counselor to local families who want to turn their acreage into sustenance. He also co-published, with Zink, a book available through his website: Believe in the Corn: Manual for Puebloan Corn Growing (2011).

He’s had his own farming struggles, too. This year, due to a drought, the corn crops did not do so well. He also attempted to grow watermelons. “Then the monsoons came in August and created havoc,” he explains. Focusing on the positive, he says, “It’s rare for someone at a 7,000-square-foot elevation to grow watermelons, but I did pretty good [sic] and was able to save some seeds.”

In time, Mirabal hopes to establish seed exchanges with other pueblos and reservations in the Southwest. Right now, Taos Pueblo is the only pueblo growing red beans. Melon varieties are different in each pueblo. “Ancient seeds are what we’re doing,” says Mirabal. “Hopefully in time there will be a larger commitment — a seed bank or farmers market.