Categories
Beginning Farmers

Agrarian Author Receives National Award

Wendell Berry
Author Wendell Berry, who promotes farm conservation through his poetry, novels and works of nonfiction, received the 2010 National Humanities Medal.

Promoting farm sustainability and conservation isn’t limited to the field, as poet and novelist Wendell Berry has proven. Berry has published more than 40 works of fiction, nonfiction and poetry, many of which demonstrate his commitment to farming and explore humans’ relationships to the land and the environment. Last week, he was recognized for his work as not only a poet and novelist but as a farmer and conservationist when President Barack Obama awarded him a 2010 National Humanities Medal.

The National Humanities Medal honors individuals or groups whose work has deepened the nation’s understanding of the humanities, broadened our citizens’ engagement with the humanities, or helped preserve and expand Americans’ access to important resources in the humanities. The medal was presented at a White House ceremony honoring 10 National Medal of Arts and 10 National Humanities Medal awardees.

Berry and his wife, Tanya, began farming in Port Royal, Ky., in 1965. Berry has lived, worked and written at Lane’s Landing, on the banks of the Kentucky River, ever since. Many of his short stories and novels are set in the fictional Kentucky town of Port William. He has woven agrarian themes throughout these stories, examining the history and fate of agriculture in America through his plots and characters.

Berry’s nonfiction, meanwhile, illustrates his agrarian values and his emphasis on farming sustainably, implementing traditional agricultural techniques, and building and supporting vibrant local economies.

In his remarks at the award ceremony, President Obama spoke of the ability of the arts and humanities to transform society. “Time and again, the tools of change, and of progress, of revolution, of ferment—they’re not just pickaxes and hammers and screens and software, but they’ve also been brushes and pens and cameras and guitars.”

Berry is also a longtime activist for environmental and rural causes. In February 2011, he made national headlines as one of 14 mountaintop removal mining protestors to participate in a weekend-long sit-in in the Kentucky governor’s office. In 2009, he removed his papers from the archives of the University of Kentucky, where he is an alumnus and former member of the faculty, to protest the school’s decision to name a dormitory after a coal-mine owner. In that same year, he spoke out against the USDA’s National Animal Identification System

Berry was born in Henry County, Ky., in 1934. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Kentucky in 1956 and 1957, respectively, and received a Wallace Stegner Fellowship from Stanford University in 1958. He has taught at Stanford, Georgetown College, New York University, the University of Cincinnati and Bucknell University. He also taught at the University of Kentucky from 1964 to 1977 and again from 1987 to 1993.

Categories
Urban Farming

Label to Certify Wind-made Products

WindMade label

Courtesy WindMade

The WindMade label will be used indicate companies or products created using wind energy.

For conscientious consumers who pay particular attention to how the goods they use are made, a new label is soon to adorn packaging to help make sustainability choices easier.

The WindMade label will be the first global consumer label identifying corporations and products made with wind energy—a direct response to increasing consumer demand for sustainable products. The development of the label is supported by several organizations and businesses, including the Global Wind Energy Council and the WWF, and it could appear on packaging as soon as 2012.

“We want to build a bridge between consumers and companies committed to clean energy and give consumers the option to choose more sustainable products. We hope that this will create a strong element of consumer pull, which will accelerate the pace of wind-energy development globally,” said Ditlev Engel, CEO and president for Vestas Wind Systems, who pioneered the WindMade initiative.

In a global survey of more than 25,000 consumers across 20 markets, 92 percent of respondents said they believe renewable energy is a good option for mitigating climate change. If presented with a choice, most of them would prefer products made with wind energy, even at a premium. However, there is currently no way to verify if companies’ energy claims are true.

“Already now, many companies use (or at least claim to use) renewable energy sources,” says Angelika Pullen, communications director for GWEC. “Once the label is available, they will be able to get this certified by an independent body, which will greatly increase the credibility of their efforts.”

The WindMade developers are talking to a number of companies—mostly consumer brands—that are interested in becoming WindMade certified. To use the WindMade label for their communications or products, companies will undergo a certification process, currently being developed by a group of technical experts, to verify their wind energy procurement.

“There are no limits as to what products could be certified, as long as they meet the requirements defined in the standard,” Pullen says. “Classic consumer products are, of course, an obvious choice, but the label could go much beyond that. Why not imagine WindMade events, or metro systems or maybe even entire towns?”

The aim of the certification standard is to drive the development of new wind-power plants over and above what would be developed anyway.

“It is crucial that the WindMade criteria live up to the high standards necessary for the label to serve consumers’ desire to make a tangible impact and boost clean renewables. We believe that voluntary certification is one key to raising the bar for mainstream performance,” says James Leape, director general of WWF.

Categories
Animals

Here Come the Chicks!

Homemade chick brooder
Photo by Sue Weaver
With our homemade chick brooder, we can watch our new Buckeye chicks as they grow up.

Mom is getting excited because it’s baby time on our farm. Our first lambs are due in just three weeks, and next week we’re getting chicks!

We had chickens until a nasty predator got in their coop and killed some. When it killed Mom’s favorite, Gracie, Mom gave the survivors to a nice lady who keeps them for eggs and pets. Mom vowed no more chickens until we have a better coop. So, Dad is building Fort Chicken, a predator-proof chicken coop for our new birds. Yay!

Our new chicks are Buckeyes, a rare breed of all-American heritage chicken developed in Ohio during the late 1890s and early 1900s. You can read about them in Mom’s article in the March/April 2011 issue of Hobby Farms and on the cool Rare Chickens at a Glance chart you can download for free.

David Puthoff, the nice man Mom interviewed for her her Hobby Farms article is sending our chickies next week. She already bought their starter food and cleaned the chick feeders and waterers with a 1:10 bleach-to-water solution. Today, she’s going to clean and clean their new home with the same solution. 

Mom broods chicks in a homemade, tabletop brooder fashioned from a see-through plastic storage box. She wrote about it in Chickens, but she said I could also talk about it here. If you want to make a neat brooder for starting chicks in your house, this is it!

You will need a fairly tall, hard-plastic storage box with a lid. Pick one spacious enough for your needs, figuring 6 square inches of space per chick up to 3 weeks of age, 9 square inches during 4 to 5 weeks of age, and 1 square foot for 6 to 8 weeks of age. Or make two boxes so you can move part of the chicks to the second box as they grow.

You also need a sharp knife (Dad likes exacto knives for this job), a piece of 1/4-inch mesh hardware cloth slightly smaller than the lid, 10 1/4- to 1/2-inch bolts with nuts and washers, a sharp nail or awl to use as a scribe, wire snips, a drill, and a screwdriver.

Turn the lid over on a hard surface and scribe a 1-inch border inside the framed panel. Then use your sharp knife to cut a window into the lid. 

Next, allowing a 1-inch overlap, snip the mesh hardware cloth to fit. Drill holes to secure it, and bolt it down. You can trim the top with wooden strips, like in the brooder in picture, but you don’t have to. They’re only for looks. When the bolts are torqued down, that’s it!

You can warm your chicks with a brooder light like in the picture or, better yet, a gooseneck reading lamp. Experiment with standard light bulbs of various wattages until the interior temperature is just so. (Chicks huddle in a pile if they’re cold and scatter way out to the sides if they’re too hot.) If you use a gooseneck reading lamp, you can fine-tune temperatures by raising or lowering the lamp. It’s easy, and because you can see through the sides, you get to watch your chicks grow up!     

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Categories
Urban Farming

No Place Like Home

 By Heidi Overson
Heidi Overson with her son on her farmWhile I was growing up, I would go outside and listen to what the farm was speaking to me. The hills, the wind and the creek gave me such inspiration. Sometimes, I would stand perfectly still beside the creek and, barely breathing, I would look around at the hills in awe. With goose bumps on my arms, I’d feel oddly at one with nature. “Am I actually a part of all this?” I would wonder. I can’t explain the feelings that entered my soul through the beauty of nature, but perhaps you understand.

As a little girl, I would dream big dreams of what I wanted to do with my life, but there was always that nagging sense of not wanting to leave the farm. I did eventually leave, spreading my wings ever so slightly by moving to a nearby city. Visits to the farm and my parents were frequent, and I silently mourned whenever I had to go back to my house in town. The void inside of me was persistent, except for when I made those visits and could again wander the familiar paths through the woods, beside the gurgling creek and around the barn. I prayed that I could come back for good someday, but never dreamed that it would actually happen.

In 1999, unbelievable circumstances made my dream possible. My father became ill with a heart condition. In a matter of five months, he deteriorated and passed away. Not even two weeks before he passed away, his and my mother’s house burned to the ground due to faulty, outdated electrical wiring. My mother was devastated and we were in shock-driven grief. As time passed, it was evident that mother did not want to rebuild on the farm. She desired a place in town. Selling the beloved farm was out of the question, and my husband and I were given the chance to move there. We built a house right on the old house site (my idea of defying fate) and are now here, raising our four children.

The void I once felt was gone, and time and faith healed the grief over losing what once was. What replaced that was the question lurking in the minds of my husband and me: what on earth do we do with a farm? For starters and in honor of the Norwegians that settled there over 100 years ago, we dubbed the place “Skjonsbergdalen Farm,” which is Norwegian for “Pretty Rock Valley Farm.”

As a child, I wasn’t given the wonderful opportunity to raise any type of farm animals; my father instead opted to use the 100-year-old barn and other buildings solely for storage (he was an avid antique collector). I knew one thing as I walked around the farm that was now mine: I was going to fill this place with new life. This idea inspired and filled me with a newfound sense of purpose and ideas. Thoughts raced through my head. New life! We needed a fresh, new beginning for the farm that had lain mourning and empty for the period following my father’s death and the fire. Now the question was: What should we raise?

Enter my hairdresser (you may ask yourself what she’s doing in this story!). I told her my dilemma during one of her famous cuts and she told me about one of her other clients who raised goats. I laughed at the thought. Goats? Me raising ugly, tin-can-eating goats? Open to anything, I took the number she offered and went home. One phone call and a few days later, I found myself at a goat farm, standing in the middle of a herd of goats. These goats were not eating tin cans and they were not ugly. They were Angora goats and admittedly one of the prettiest animals I have ever seen with their long, curly locks of mohair cascading down each side of their backs. They looked at me with their soft eyes and I swear some of them said “Take me home!” I was hooked and six followed me home.

They made their palace in the barn, along with the chickens, bunnies, sheep and llamas (do you think I got a little carried away with the adding life thing?). We bought a book on raising Angora goats and it became our second Bible. We set to breeding them and before we knew it, we had 20 goats. We learned the hard way that the bucks can be very destructive. No, a mature buck in rut does not want to dance with you in the barnyard; he’s charging because he wants to hurt you. The does, on the other hand, are precious. Have you ever hugged a goat? Ours accept those hugs in stride. Not only good for eating up hugs, the herd readily did their job of eating away all of those ugly weeds on the property. The best part of all is that they have helped give beautiful life back to the farm. One of the most peaceful feelings is to look out a window and see the Angoras grazing in the pasture.

As with any animal, there is extra work involved in raising Angoras properly. We raise them for sale, but also for their lustrous mohair. We shear twice a year, in spring and in fall. It is quite an event. We tried to do it ourselves the first year, but it was a daunting task. Through a referral, we found a professional shearer, David Kier, to come and do the job. When he pulls up in our driveway, an instant alert turns the goats’ bodies into rigid but curious stances. I can just hear them, “Oh no, not this again!” One would think that, by now, they would realize that he is not there to hurt them. 

The goats must not have anything to eat for at least 12 hours before the shearing. We try to confine them to their stalls for that amount of time. As David is setting up his shearing machine, all eyes are on him and the barn is curiously quiet. We bring the first goat out, and David will maneuver it on its rump and start shearing its belly. As soon as the machine starts whirring, the bellows resound throughout the barn. Murder? A cruel joke? No one ever goes willingly. David can shear a goat in roughly five minutes. That beats my husband’s time by about 45 minutes! As the mohair falls off, I will collect the good pieces and bag them. This is the beginning of my job of marketing it. I weigh each fleece, skirt through the entire bag, wash it and package it for sale. It’s always a thrill to know that the beautiful fiber that was grown on our century farm will go to a hand spinner in Pennsylvania, for example, or a doll maker in Alaska.

After a job well-done, David will drive away at the end of a shearing day and I will look at the now-naked goats kicking up their heels with their new sense of freedom from the heavy load they carried. Gazing beyond them, at the hills and sky surrounding our farm, I will sigh. Yes, the farm is still speaking to me. I have found a new life on this place. I never imagined it would be so fulfilling. The wind, the creek, the leaves rustling on their branches—their sounds are now entwined with the new sounds that weren’t there in my childhood: the sounds of my children playing in the yard and the bleats of the Angoras in their pasture. I listen, and a tear will trickle down my cheek. I am home.

Categories
Animals Poultry Urban Farming

7 Necessities for Healthy Chicks

7 Necessities for Healthy Chicks - Photo courtesy Anne Petersen/Flickr (HobbyFarms.com)
Courtesy Anne Petersen/Flickr

Spring is baby chick time. Whether you hatch your own chickens or purchase 1- to 2-day-old chicks from a feed store, you need to make sure they stay healthy while growing into adults.

The first two months of chick life are characterized by remarkably rapid growth. During this fast and formative time, it’s essential for chicken keepers to ensure their new flocks’ well being. Here are seven suggestions to help raise healthy chicks, arranged in an easy-to-remember acronym that just happens to spell CHICKEN.

Cool Water
This must be available to chicks all times. After bringing new chicks home, gently dip each beak into the water dish. This ensures the chicks’ immediate hydration and orients them to their water source. Place the dispenser away from the heat lamp in the chicks’ cage. A 1-quart dispenser will water about four chicks daily. As chicks grow larger, replenish their water twice per day, or replace the dispenser with a larger container.

Heat Source
Chicks need to be kept warm to stay healthy. Secure a climate thermometer on the cage floor and a heat lamp 5 to 6 inches above the chicks’ heads. The temperature on the cage floor should be about 90 to 95 degrees F. As chicks grow taller, continue raising the lamp to maintain a space buffer between chick heads and the heat.

Inspections
Inspect your chicks and their environment often. Chicks grow change quickly and will thrive if their environment keeps up with them. As the chicks grow bigger, make sure the heat lamp isn’t overheating them. As they eat more, make more chick feed available so all chicks get enough food. When chick fuzz turns into feathers, gently pinch away the pinfeathers as the feather outgrows it. When your chicks are 1 to 2 weeks old and begin to roost, oversee the chicks as they practice balancing on the perch until they can hold themselves steady. Finally, when observing your chicks, clean away dried clumped-on fecal matter from their bottoms with a damp cloth. If left “pasted up,” a chick can become fatally constipated.

Chick Feed
Also called “crumble” or “mash,” chick feed is the only thing your chicks can eat the first two to three months. Do not give baby chicks feed prepared for pullets or laying-aged hens. Adult chicken feed contains a generous amount of calcium to strengthen egg shells and can damage chicks’ kidneys.

Keep Safe
Place the chick cage indoors in a garage, basement or spare room, safe from predators and cold drafts. Instruct children to close the door behind them after leaving the “chick room.”

Enjoy Daily
Allow your chicks to become accustomed to you (their caretaker) by gently holding and handling them each day. Not only does this give you a chance to inspect each chick’s overall health, you can also adore their fuzzy, fleeting cuteness.

New Home Transition
It’s important not to shock chicks with sudden environmental changes; it takes about two weeks for chicks to become accustomed to living outdoors. When the chicks are around 8 to 12 weeks old and you are ready to begin transitioning them outside, begin by placing the cage in the finished outdoor coop for one hour the first two to three days. Increase to two hours the next four days and then to four hours for a week after that. By the time your chicks are fully feathered, the chick cage will be standing room only. At this point, the chicks will be ready to move out of the chick cage and into the chicken coop permanently.

Get more chicken-keeping help from HobbyFarms.com:

  • 15 Accessories for Your Chicken Coop
  • Getting Good Eggs
  • 6 Winter Tips for Your Flock
  • 4 Steps to Prevent Chicken Obesity

 

Categories
News

Nurture Forage Pastures This Year

Forage pasture
Courtesy iStockphoto/Thinkstock
Take steps to reduce stress on your forage crops this year so that they will thrive.

If the well-being of the 2011 forage crop reflects past years’, producers have a lot of work to do in the coming months.

Heavy rainfall followed by drought hurt the 2010 crop in many parts of the country and may have led producers to allow animals to overgraze pastures, says Keith Johnson, forage specialist at the Purdue University Cooperative Extension.

“The 2010 crop year was stressful to forages because the early spring rains didn’t allow producers to get the harvested hay crop out of the field as early as they would have liked, and the quality was less than desirable,” Johnson says. “Following that was a very long, dry period. As time went on, producers were stressing pasture crops they did have, and overgrazing occurred.”

Regardless of weather, forage growers need to take the time to identify the stresses on their crops season to season so they can eliminate some or all of those issues in the best interest of the existing plants.

For farmers unsure of the best process for taking fields or pastures from evaluation to overhaul, Johnson recommends following these steps for pasture renovation:

  1. Assess the need for pasture improvement.
  2. Test soil and apply amendments.
  3. Control perennial broadleaf weeds.
  4. Leave residual growth less than 4 inches tall.
  5. Make seed selections and purchase.
  6. Over-seed before dormancy breaks.
  7. Reduce competition to young seedlings by grazing growth of established forages or by hay harvest.

An important step for producers is to look at soil types and take soil samples, Johnson says. Soil samples should be dried and sent to a lab to be tested for pH, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter. A basic test should cover all of these elements. Check with your county extension service to see if it offers soil testing.

Any elements of the test, especially pH, that come back at moderate levels or less should be given some attention.

“Different crops have different pH levels at which they grow best,” Johnson says. “The forage crops we grow [in Indiana], particularly the cool-season grasses, really ought to be grown in a soil pH of 6.2 to 7. Most of the legumes we grow, such as alfalfa, really need a pH closer to 7.”

Having the proper soil pH level ensures nitrogen fixation and nutrient availability to the forage crop. An inadequate pH level could alter the forage composition, and producers could see less desirable forages growing in their fields.

Growers also need to evaluate the stands in their fields. They should determine if the pasture has more forages or weeds. If a pasture has been overgrazed and an abnormally large amount of soil is showing, over-seeding might be a corrective option.

Other stressors to watch for and control are weeds, insects and diseases.

“It’s the dynamics of growing crops that are important,” Johnson says. “Do a good job of scouting. Look at the well-being of the crop as it grows. Understand why the crop might not meet your objective as it grows. Be diagnostic about things, and take care of the issues in some fashion so the crop can be as productive as possible.”

Categories
News Urban Farming

Companies Disclose Impacts on Forests

Forest

Courtesy Forest Footprints Disclosure/ Katherine Secoy

In the Forest Footprints Disclosure survey, global companies share how their operations affect global forests and have the opportunity to learn ways to reduce deforestation.

Three U.S. companies were recognized for their sustainability efforts as part of an initiative to reduce dependence on products—such as soy, palm oil, timber, cattle products and biofuels—linked to deforestation pressures.

The United Kingdom-based Forest Footprints Disclosure Project was launched in June 2009 to survey participating companies about their operations and supply chains’ impacts on forests worldwide and what is being to done to manage those impacts. This year, the FFD survey was sent to 285 global companies, 87 of which were based in the U.S. Twelve U.S. companies agreed to disclose information, including major brands like PepsiCo, Avon, Best Buy and Lowe’s.

All participating companies were assigned to one of 13 sectors based on the nature of their business, including Food Products and Soft Drinks, Accessories and Footwear, and Travel and Leisure. In each sector, the best reports were singled out for the quality of the company’s supply chain management policy.

In this year’s survey, three U.S. companies demonstrating advanced understanding of their supply chains were selected as sector winners: Kimberly-Clark, winner of the Personal Care and Household Goods sector; Nike, winner of the Clothing, Accessories and Footwear sector; and Weyerhaeuser, joint winner in the Industrials, Construction and Autos sector.

Kimberly-Clark was the first major tissue company to require wood-fiber suppliers to gain independent certification for their fiber activities. Through its sourcing standards, the company has a stated preference for Forest Stewardship Certification standards, and it provides funding to map high-value conservation forests in Brazil and Indonesia.

“Kimberly-Clark has been integrating sustainability into all aspects of our business—from the design and manufacture of our products, to serving the communities where we operate and sell our portfolio of essential products,” says Suhas Apte, Kimberly-Clark’s vice president of global sustainability, in response to the recognition.

Likewise, Nike led its sector by taking action to avoid purchasing leather from areas of new deforestation. Weyerhaeuser is the leader in its sector for the second year in a row.

Now that the survey is completed, FFD will work with companies to explain forest risk, analyze how it might be reduced and deliver a feedback report to encourage higher scoring in future years. The FFD is backed by 56 major financial firms (representing more than $5 trillion in assets) that value information about how companies are reducing forest risk to guide their investment decisions.

Last year, the National Wildlife Federation helped launch the survey in the U.S., and as a result, the project has seen a significant increase in response from U.S.-based companies. Barbara Bramble, NWF international policy advisor, praised the companies and the broader effort.

“We cannot save our most precious forests without the active engagement of large companies, leading the way in demonstrating that sustainability is good business,” she says.

For a list of those companies contacted for participation in the FFD Project that did not disclose, visit the NWF website.

Categories
Urban Farming

Fava Flowers

Fava plant flowers

Photo by Rick Gush

The fava plants are flowering in the garden … spring must be near.

It’s still too chilly to work much in the garden and the ground is still too wet to be worked properly, but the signs of impending spring are all over the place. In the garden, the fava beans, Vicia faba, are finally flowering. I planted all the way back in late October, and it’s nice to see the crop progressing to the final stage. We’ll harvest the fava beans in a month and eat them mostly fresh in salads and combined with sliced salami and Roman sheep cheese, as is the tradition here. We’ll put some in soups, and if there’s a bumper crop, we’ll dry some for putting in soups later in the year.

Here in Italy, fava beans are an ancient, poor farmer’s crop. Stories of people surviving on nothing but fava beans are common, and a few holidays are named in honor of these historical events. Fava beans are also considered the equivalent of a lucky penny, and some people carry one bean around in their pockets for good luck. Modern medicine knows that fava beans contain large amounts of levodopa, the ingredient in many medicines used to treat Parkinson’s disease

In the United States, fava beans have been more commonly grown as fodder for farm animals, though this is changing. In general, fava beans are now grown commercially in states, such as Wisconsin and Minnesota, where there is cool spring weather, because the beans are planted in the early spring, and don’t like hot weather when they’re flowering. In warmer states, such as California, the beans are planted in the fall as they are in Italy.

I know fava plants are legumes, but I’m not certain whether they have a significant nitrifying effect on the soil. I’ve heard that they need to be inoculated with a specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria in order to fix much nitrogen, but nonetheless, I try to plant them in a bed that will be filled with tomato plants the following spring.

Fava, for us, are definitely an emotional crop rather than a serious effort to produce the food that we eat. Everybody here likes fava beans as a reminder of when the beans were an important food source, but hardly anybody eats a lot of them. To have one’s own fava plant is great socially and sort of a historical gesture. I earn points giving fresh-picked fava beans to my mother-in-law, who is an old-style, frugal, country woman, and I don’t think the fava beans would be nearly as tasty to her if she knew we’d had to buy them.
     
The good part about growing fava over the winter is that they are tough plants. The light snow doesn’t bother them, and big pest problems are rare in the spring. There is a bit of uncertainty about planting them, and if the weather turns cold right after seeding, germination can suffer. The pros I know often plant several plantings a few weeks apart, to ensure that at least one of the plantings will experience the ideal early season and accumulate the optimal crop momentum that can triple the final yield.

Read more of Rick’s Favorite Crops »

Categories
Crops & Gardening

First Robins

Robin
The arrival of robins to the garden signals that spring is near.

We saw the first robins of the season today, hopping around on the front lawn. There were two plump ones with beautiful orange bellies pulling worms out of the soil. I couldn’t help but wonder if they were a mating pair looking to build a home somewhere at our place. How fun it would be to watch a family of fledglings grow up right outside our living room window!

I pulled the car right up to the robin that was hanging out in the garden above our driveway’s retaining wall. I was very surprised that it didn’t fly away. It just looked at us, and we looked at it from a mere 3 feet away. It was exciting for my son, and I enjoyed explaining to him that when the robins arrive it usually means that spring isn’t too far behind. He assured me that March 21 wasn’t far away and that on that day, there would be sunshine and it would be 70 degrees. Gotta love the optimism of a 5-year-old. 

This Christmas, Santa Claus brought my son a nest box that has a clear pane of plastic on the back and attaches to a window with suction cups. The idea is to put it on the window with the extra piece of wood it comes with to block off the clear area. Then once the eggs are laid, you remove the piece of wood and can watch the babies grow right before your eyes. I guess I need to put it out sooner rather then later—the birds are really singing lately, especially in the mornings. I’m guessing they’re beginning to feel amorous and are getting ready to build their nests. 

I used to have a gardening client who would put nesting materials out for the birds each spring. She would save dog hair, pieces of yarn, string, lint, ribbons and the like and pack them into wire suet cake holders and hang them in the trees. The birds would empty them within a day or two, and she would religiously refill them as they emptied.

I always wondered where she kept all the nest-making ingredients she collected throughout the winter. I pictured a plastic bag hanging in her laundry room overflowing with “the goods,” and I wondered what her excessively neat, engineer-type husband thought of the bag. Unfortunately, this wonderful woman is now suffering from dementia. I think of her often, though I haven’t seen her in six years, and wonder if her husband has taken over the nest collection bag or if the birds have been left to fend for themselves.  I hope it’s the former, for both the birds’ sake and hers.      

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Categories
Urban Farming

Syrup from Trees? Sweet!

Somerville Maple Syrup Project

Courtesy Tai Dinnan

Thanks to the volunteers at the Somerville Maple Syrup Project, children in Somerville, Mass., can learn how real maple syrup is made.

A couple of weeks ago, in Somerville, Mass., my friends and I walked single file down what was left of the sidewalks and crossed the city streets through cuts in the snow banks, which sometimes hid neglected bicycles with only their brake cables visible. We were headed for a lively winter farmers’ market in a former armory. It seems winter markets yield not only plentiful eating ideas but also information about terrific community efforts.
 
At the market, we learned about the Somerville Maple Syrup Project, through which maple syrup is made by tapping urban trees. It brings together community organizations, public schools and the Somerville Community Growing Center (a site for both environmental education and cultural performances in Somerville) to tap and collect sap from the sugar maple trees on the Tufts University campus and in volunteer backyards. A four- to six-week curriculum for second- and third-graders in nearby schools accompanies the tapping, and high school students both maintain the wood stove and built the evaporator pans in metal shop. The project also gives four free “maple education sessions” on Saturdays in February at the main branch of the Somerville Library.

Each year, the project ends with a big Maple Boil Down Festival (the weekend of March 5 this year) and a pancake breakfast at the Growing Center. The syrup is sold as well at the city’s Union Square Farmers Market. Through this collaboration between city government, schools, and local nonprofit and community agencies, kids who think maple-flavored pancake syrup comes only in a plastic bottle can experience the historic process and the woodsy, much more nutritious flavors of maple syrup as everyone comes together to produce food from an urban landscape.

Volunteers collect sap daily throughout the month of February, help teach local residents—especially children—about maple sugaring, and man the weekend-long boil down. Forty gallons of sap are needed for 1 gallon of syrup. Watching the syrup-making process in real time can help everyone appreciate the patience and work necessary to harvest such a precious and delicious crop.

Of course, maple syrup cries out for its partner pancakes (or waffles), but you might also try a maple-walnut pie (similar to pecan pie) or substitute maple syrup for sugar in a flan or pudding and for the caramel in crème caramel. Another option for maple-syrup use is easy baked apples. To make them, core the apples and fill the hole with maple syrup, cinnamon, and maybe raisins, walnuts or both. Then bake them at 350 degrees F until the apples are soft.

Here’s recipe for another perfect winter dessert, Indian pudding, made with maple syrup instead of the more traditional molasses. You’ll see that it’s a New England version of polenta and the South’s version of cornmeal mush, fancied up with sweetener and eggs. If you can find some Rhode Island flint cornmeal, it’ll take longer to cook, but the dessert will be even more New England-y. Use local eggs, milk and butter if you can, too.

Recipe: Indian Pudding with Maple Syrup

Ingredients

  • 3 cups milk
  • 3/4 cup maple syrup
  • 1/2 cup white or yellow cornmeal
  • 1/4 cup raisins (optional)
  • 1 medium apple, diced (optional)
  • 1 T.butter
  • 1/2 tsp. cinnamon
  • 1/2 tsp. salt
  • 1/2 tsp. ground ginger
  • 1/2 tsp. nutmeg
  • 2 large eggs, beaten

Preparation

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.

In a large saucepan, bring milk to a simmer. Reduce heat, and stir in maple syrup until it dissolves. Carefully sprinkle in the cornmeal, whisking to avoid lumps. Cook, stirring constantly, until the mixture thickens considerably. Add raisins and/or apple, if using. Add butter, salt and spices while stirring well. Remove from heat, and let cool 5 minutes. Whisk eggs into the milk mixture until well combined.

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