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Urban Farming

Denver Distributes Trees to Communities

Denver tree distribution

Courtesy The Park People

The city of Denver’s Denver Digs Trees program distributes trees to neighborhoods twice a year—once in the fall and once in the spring.

If a tree falls in Denver chances are very good someone will plant one back in its place.

That’s due, in large part, to Denver Digs Trees, a program of The Park People, a citywide parks improvement group, that distributes free and low-cost trees to residents twice a year.

“Our and Denver Forestry’s goal is to have a minimum of 18 percent canopy coverage throughout the city, and ideally that number is closer to 22 percent,” says Kim Yuan-Farrell, program manager of Denver Digs Trees. Unfortunately, she says, “We’re really far from that.”

Every year the city loses thousands of aging trees. And in some neighborhoods, there just aren’t very many at all. That’s why Denver Digs Trees wants to make it easy for people to plant trees—which come in the form of about 2-year-old, 6-foot-tall native varieties—throughout the city.

After a quick application, any Denver resident is eligible for a low-cost ($25) tree. And for those living in the program’s target areas—neighborhoods with low canopy or low-income neighborhoods—the trees are free.

Currently, the program has 23 target areas, and others are constantly being taken into consideration for inclusion. Although Yuan-Farrell says she’s had to work hard to get the word out about Denver Digs Trees in the target neighborhoods, so far, around 70 percent of the trees have ended up there.

“We partner with organizations that have close ties in those neighborhoods and work with community groups,” she says. “Our focus is to reduce as many of the barriers to obtaining trees as possible.”

The program has broken a few barriers for itself, too.

Officially founded in 1991 as a street tree program, Denver Digs Trees has modest roots.

“It started out in the garages of a couple of Denver residents more than 20 years ago,” says Yuan-Farrell. “And the city really embraced it.”

Denver Digs Trees is now funded through grants, but Yuan-Farrell says it’s able to operate because it gets what she calls “very-reduced pricing” from suppliers in eastern Oregon, which has a similar climate and soil make-up to Colorado. That allows the program to offer a variety of tree species appropriate for Colorado’s climate and urban environment.

Alhough the staff is still only two people, Yuan-Farrell says they have about 300 volunteers at each distribution, and the program distributes nearly 3,000 trees annually, with a spring distribution for street trees and one for yard trees in the fall.

Until last year, the program only distributed street trees—which were to be planted close to the curbside in the “tree lawn” between the sidewalk and curb—each spring. In 2009, Denver Digs Trees added a yard tree component, along with an annual fall distribution.

“People are really excited about free and low-cost yard trees for their properties,” Yuan-Farrell says. “The whole purpose is providing natural shade cover and reducing the energy used for summer cooling.”

Every tree designated for this year’s fall distribution on Oct. 2, 2010, was claimed early. (Traditionally, any unclaimed trees are sold for $35 following the distribution dates.)

“Trees define neighborhoods, make places more walkable, filter pollution and provide shade,” Yuan-Farrell says. “There’s a really broad quality-of-life benefit to providing trees.”

For Denver residents interested in street trees or yard trees in the future, visit Denver Digs Trees’ website.

Categories
Animals

The Fonzie of Goats

Depressed Martok the goat
Photo by Sue Weaver
Martok is depressed because the does are flocking to Kerla.

Hi, this is Uzzi. I’m writing this week’s blog because Martok is depressed. He spends his days perched atop our Port-a-Hut gazing off down the ridge—or across the yard at Kerla’s pen. Kerla is why he’s depressed.

The does are madly in love with Kerla. Dad says Kerla is “the Fonzie of goats.” Mom tied extra panels across the front of Kerla’s paddock so that nobody gets their feet stuck in the fence (or backs up to it the way Big Mama did with Martok last year). 

Martok blubbers and paces and ennurates (that’s a nice word that means he pees on himself—buck goats are weird!) just like does like, but the girls flock to Kerla instead. Kerla ennurates, but he’s so young that his musk glands don’t work yet (Martok’s do—yuck!), but the does adore Kerla anyway!

Kerla the goat
Photo by Sue Weaver
All the does think Kerla is cute.

“Oooo, what long, sexy ears!” they coo, shoving one another to get closer to Kerla and the fence. (“I have sexy, long ears,” Martok mumbles.)

“Listen to him blubber, what a guy!” (“I can blubber louder and better than that.”)

“And that sweet, white cap on his head is the cutest thing!” (“I have a white cap too!”)

On and on it goes. Every day. Hordes of does mob Kerla’s pen and Martok kvetches about it. 

But Martok deserves it. Mom raised Kerla to be Jadzia’s beau, but one night back in June, Martok scaled the wall between our pen and the dairy does’ shelter. Jadzia was just coming into heat but Mom thought, no, he couldn’t have gotten her pregnant, he isn’t in rut, it’s out of season and very, very hot. (Heat’s supposed to make bucks and rams temporarily infertile). But she marked the calendar and Jadzia is getting fat! Really fat, like she has babies on board. They’re due Nov. 5. Jadzia is excited, Martok is unrepentant and Mom is not amused.

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Categories
Urban Farming Video

University of Kentucky Solar House

Are solar-powered houses only a thing of the future? Maybe not—they’re a thing of the present, too.

Every two years, the U.S. Department of Energy hosts the Solar Decathlon in Washington, D.C., challenging college students across the country to build cost-effective, energy-efficient and livable solar homes.

Students from the University of Kentucky entered their solar house, named s.ky blue, in the 2009 Solar Decathlon. The UK solar house, equipped with grid-connected solar PV panels, electrical monitoring and control, water heating and HVAC systems, Energy Star-rated appliances, and more, received ninth place out of 20 in the Solar Decathlon competition and second place in the People’s Choice awards.

Learn more about the s.ky blue house from student Jeffrey Kellow and faculty advisor Greg Luhan in the video above.

The UK solar house was also designed with special attention paid to its landscape setup and irrigation system. The house contains edible gardens on each side, which not only make the house visually pleasing but allow its inhabitants to live more self-sufficiently.

Watch the video above for more details about the solar house’s urban farm.

Categories
News

Llama Therapy

Llamas
Courtesy Lori Gregory
As certified animal therapists, the Mountain Peak Therapy llamas assist people with special needs as well as visit hospitals, rehab facilities, senior communities and schools.

Rojo is no typical llama. Instead of spending his days in a corral munching on hay at the Mountain Peaks Therapy Llamas farm, Rojo, registered by the International Delta Society Pet Partners Program and the first llama to be certified through DoveLewis Emergency Animal Hospital, spends his days in a moving van, walking the streets in parades, and socializing with children, adults and senior citizens all over the Portland, Ore., and Vancouver, Wash., areas.

From his birth in April 2002, Rojo has exhibited a sweet, even-tempered nature, but it wasn’t until he attended a 4-H show and met a boy in a wheelchair that the idea of Rojo and animal therapy began to form in the minds of owners Lori Gregory and her daughter, Shannon.

To receive animal-therapy certification, Lori and Shannon went through classroom training in the Animal-Assisted Therapy Program at DoveLewis Emergency Animal Hospital, and Rojo endured a series of evaluations in various situations, including objects dropping on the floor, scarves swirling around his head and people crowding around him. The trio performed well in the training program and was given DoveLewis badges to show their certification.

At first, the Gregorys visited senior communities and rehab facilities in Portland and Vancouver. Now, they have another certified llama named Smokey, and they’ve expanded their travels to include visits to children.

“Our llamas mainly visit hospitals, rehab facilities and senior communities, and we also go to schools for educational and special-needs class visits. Children with autism really respond favorably to our llamas,” Lori Gregory says. “They help those we visit not only to feel happier by experiencing a visit from a very unusual creature, but the llamas also get them to do things they wouldn’t normally do, such as motor skills, speech and emotional development, et cetera. The children also draw pictures and write stories for our llamas and about them and take them for walks.”

Gregory says they’re working to set up a llama training program at one of the special-needs schools they visit to teach the children how to show llamas, take them through obstacles and make crafts with the fiber.

Categories
Urban Farming

Favorite Farmers’ Market Results In

Farmers' market

Courtesy Stock.XCHNG

American farmers’ market shoppers casted their votes for their farmers’ market.

Last month, farmers’ market goers across the nation entered their picks for their favorite farmers’ markets as part of a contest by American Farmland Trust

“Over 50,000 people from across the country voted for their favorite farmers’ markets this summer,” says Jane Kirchner, senior director of marketing for AFT. “And in the last three weeks of the promotion, we’ve seen the top 20 markets in each category change positions, sometimes daily.”

AFT designed the online contest to promote the economic and social value of farmers’ markets in communities and to bring attention to the need for consumers and communities to recognize the necessity of local farm and ranch land for the existence of fresh, healthy and local food.

“Customers can visit our website and learn the top 20 markets in each of contest’s four market categories,” adds Kirchner. The top markets for each category are:

  • Boutique Markets (15 or fewer vendors): King George Farmers’ Market, King George, Va.
  • Small Markets (16 to 30 vendors): Champaign County Farmers’ Market, Urbana, Ohio
  • Medium Markets (31 to 55 vendors): Falls Church Farmers Market, Falls Church, Va.
  • Large Markets (56 or more vendors): City of Rochester Public Market, Rochester, N.Y.

“This contest is a win/win for every farmers’ market that enters because American Farmland Trust keeps the focus on farmers, farmland and farmers’ markets,” says Randii McNear, executive director of the Davis, Calif., farmers’ market. Davis Farmers Market won in the large category in August 2009, the first year of the contest. “We’ll always be honored to have won the title of ‘America’s Favorite’ in the contest’s first year. I’m sure every farmers’ market that placed in the top 20 in their category is feeling the love of their community today.”

The top four markets will each receive a shipment of personalized “No Farms No Food” recyclable tote bags along with other prizes, including free printing services from igreenprint and free graphic design services from Virginia-based design firm SQN Communications. 

“It’s been great fun to watch this promotion unfold,” says Kirchner. “We hope that all of the markets have seen increased interest in and visitors to their markets as a result of the promotion and that they will participate in next year’s contest.” 

AFT will announce further information on the winners and ongoing efforts to support and promote farmers’ markets through its website and other media.

“We hope farmers and foodies will participate in AFT’s next campaign, Dine Out for Farms, the week of Oct. 10 to 16, and continue the momentum of support for farms by dining at participating restaurants around the country,” Kirchner says.

Categories
Urban Farming

Figs and Olives

Figs

Photo by Rick Gush

I like to eat the figs that grow on my terraces as snacks while I’m in the garden.

Fall means the figs are ready to pick and preparations for the huge olive harvest here are just starting. I don’t actually harvest the figs and bring them in the house, because my wife doesn’t like the little black figs that we have. Instead, I use the figs as my snacks for the short season that they are available. I ate six or seven this morning, when I first worked in the garden, and then I ate another handful after my second stint.

Here in Liguria, Italy, it’s traditional to grow figs not as upright standing trees, but as crawlers that grow in the rock walls that make the terraces. Having a fig in a wall is sort of considered a requirement, so almost every new construction or wall rebuilding project includes the planting of a fig in a wall somewhere.

Our fig follows this convention and is rooted in our cliff, about 15 feet above the ground. I have the tree pruned sort of flat, in such a way that the bottom half is harvestable from the ground and the top half is harvestable from one of the terraces above. 

I tried drying some figs last year, (I make great raisins in the oven.) but, while they were edible, they weren’t the succulent morsels I had hoped for. I was too busy to try drying figs again this year, but next year I’ll try to be more selective and use only the sweetest figs for my dried-fruit experiments.

Raking olives

Photo by Rick Gush

Making olive oil is a big part of the fall season. Here, an olive grower rakes olives to be pressed for oil.

The big news is that the annual olive harvest is just starting. The whole area here is covered by olive trees, and even as we walk in the forests behind our home, we pass thousands of old olives that were abandoned many years ago.

The crop of olives is very important to all the homeowners. Wherever homes are constructed, the old olives are refurbished by a severe pruning. We don’t have any olives on our cliff, but I do spend a lot of time helping my friend, Richard, with his trees. He has around a hundred trees on his terraces and produces an average of a hundred liters of oil per year. 

It’s great fun going to the olive pressing facilities to have the olives mashed and the oil extracted. All the equipment in these places, (and there are perhaps 30 olive mills within a half-hour drive from Richard’s farm) is ancient and looks like it could have been running during the 19th century. But it works great, and all the farmers and homeowners make reservations and line up with their bags full of olives to have their crops processed. 

Almost everybody allocates 50 liters a year or so for their own kitchen use, and then they sell the rest of their production to non-olive-owning friends. The price for good homemade oil from a friend is about 10 Euros per liter. The higher price for homemade reflects the general impression that the homemade stuff is preferable.

Read more of Rick’s Favorite Crops »

Categories
Crops & Gardening Poultry

Chicken Chores

Chicken
Photo by Jessica Walliser
My free-range chickens sure do make a royal mess!

I once read an article (and I think it was actually in a long-ago issue of Hobby Farms) where the author stated that the term “free-range chicken” really means “crap-everywhere chicken.” Spot on, my friend. 

I love my chickens, but I am so tired of cleaning up chicken poop. We actually had to buy a doggie pooper scooper to try to keep the droppings off the back patio. It’s a daily chore—one I’m getting pretty sick of. 

Earlier this season it didn’t seem so important because the patio was a mess—weeds growing in the cracks, moss all over, leaves and other tree debris trapped in the corners.  But we had it professionally cleaned and power washed this summer, and now it looks terrific—except, of course, for all the doo-doo.  

But what can I do? Now that the ladies are used to roaming around the yard, pecking and picking at their will, it’s hard for me to confine them.  Free range is good, very good, and I like knowing that my six chickens have lots of turf to roam and lead a darned good life. They have three-quarters of an acre that fences out the predators, and they can hang with us whenever they want (which is a lot, since my son is fond of feeding them bread right out of his hand). 

So, I guess I scoop that poop and act like it doesn’t bother me. Most of us certainly do that with plenty of other garden (and household) chores.  When was the last time you heard someone say they LIKE to clean the gutters? Or wash windows? Or scrub the toilets? Or squish slugs? Or clean out the hummingbird feeder? Or collect fallen, rotten apples? Or clean the scum from the pond? Or turn the compost? Or empty the yellow jacket trap? Or scrub the bird bath? Hummm, chicken poop scooping doesn’t sound so terrible right now.  I think I‘ll run out and do it while I’m feelin’ the vibe.  I’m sure I’ll get over it soon.
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News

Within Tongue’s Reach

Grazing cow
Courtesy Stock.XCHNG
Pasture plants grown within reach of a cow’s tongue could lead to greater efficiency in raising cattle, a study performed by the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service shows.

Lots of leaves growing in easy reach of a cow’s tongue means less time and less land needed to raise beef cattle, according to Agricultural Research Service and DairyNZ scientists.

Ranchers may be able to tell how long to leave cattle in a pasture and how large to make the pasture by the height and leafiness of plants growing there, according to Stacey Gunter, research leader at the ARS Southern Plains Range Research Station in Woodward, Okla. He worked with former doctoral student Pablo Gregorini and colleagues to demonstrate this approach with beef steers grazing in fenced-off corridors in wheat pastures.

Besides the taste and nutrition of large leaves, cattle like their food to be accessible, with leaves high on the plant and a minimum of stem interference with the cattle’s tongues, which they use to wrap around and pull off leaves. Cattle faced with a nice canopy of luscious leaves took larger bites and were able to get their daily rations with lower calorie expenditure.

This resulted in greater eating efficiency. Gunter and Gregorini measured eating efficiency by dividing the total amount of pasture plants eaten per steer by the total eating time. This is known as herbage intake rate, a key determinant of weight gain for pasture-grazing cattle.

The pastures were chosen to represent a range of natural variations in plant heights and upper-plant leafiness. The steers were allowed to graze the corridors freely and were removed when they reached the end of the corridor, regardless of how much time they took. While grazing the corridors, each steer was videotaped and had two trained observers who counted bites and walking steps.

The reason for this real-life pasture study is that most studies of grazing behavior are done on “artificial seedings,” specially planted pastures, or on small plots that are fairly uniform. To provide the best possible recommendations to ranchers, Gunter and Gregorini integrated standard studies with “in field” pasture conditions, which are much less uniform.

The research was published in the Journal of Animal Science.